Efficiency and equity in Japanese higher education
Efficiency and equity in Japanese higher education
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日本高等教育的效率与公平
DOI：
10.1023/a:1003005519014
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Motohisa Kaneko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Motohisa Kaneko
本文对日本高等教育制度的历史背景和制度特征进行了描述和分析，并特别提到了它们与效率和公平的关系。第二次世界大战后的发展表明，已经开始了一场运动，从一个政府监管系统转向一个更以市场为导向的系统，包括市场分割的措施。强调了快速增长的私营部门的重要性。从毕业生就业、回报率、财政资源和人力资源的经济利用等方面分析了当今日本大学制度的社会特征。家庭收入、背景和居住地区等因素都会影响机会，有人认为，该系统不能被认为是完全精英化的。它也不能被描述为依赖于市场力量；虽然价格和学术质量都会影响学生对院校的选择，但两者并不一定相关。该系统的社会和经济后果是复杂的，作者通过在未来可能发生变化的背景下讨论这些后果来结束。
The historical background and institutional characteristics of theJapanese system of higher education are described and then analysed withparticular reference to their relationship to both efficiency and equity.Post-World War II developments are shown to have initiated a movement fromwhat was a system of government regulation towards one which is moremarket-orientated, including a measure of market segmentation. Thesignificance of a fast-growing private sector is emphasised. The socialcharacteristics of the present-day Japanese system are analysed in terms ofthe employment of graduates, the rate of return and the economic use offinancial and human resources. Factors such as family income, background andregion of residence all influence opportunities and it is argued that thesystem cannot be considered as being entirely meritocratic. Nor can it bedescribed as being dependent on market forces; though both price andacademic quality affect student choice of institutions, the two are notnecessarily correlated. The social and economic consequences of the systemare complex and the author concludes by discussing these in the context oflikely changes in the future.