The Body as Evidence for the Nature of Language
The Body as Evidence for the Nature of Language
复制标题
身体作为语言本质的证据
作者：
W. Sandler
本文从手语中汲取灵感，提出身体动作的募集和组成为语言的关键属性及其出现提供了证据。采用组合性是语言的基本组织属性的观点，我们首先表明手语中的手、脸、头和躯干的动作直接反映了语言成分，并阐明了其中与所有语言（手语和口语）相关的组合组织的某些方面。对新兴手语的研究表明，逐渐招募身体发音器官来发挥语言功能，直接映射了新语言随着时间的推移复杂性和效率增加的方式，从而强化了这一方法。虽然作文交流几乎完全局限于人类，但它并不局限于语言。在运动员自发的、强烈的情绪表现中，不同的情绪状态与特定的面部和身体特征以及特征分组的动作相关。这些发现表明了一种更为古老的交际写作能力，并支持了一种范式，其中包括在寻求核心语言属性及其起源时的可见身体动作。
Taking its cue from sign languages, this paper proposes that the recruitment and composition of body actions provide evidence for key properties of language and its emergence. Adopting the view that compositionality is the fundamental organizing property of language, we show first that actions of the hands, face, head, and torso in sign languages directly reflect linguistic components, and illuminate certain aspects of compositional organization among them that are relevant for all languages, signed and spoken. Studies of emerging sign languages strengthen the approach by showing that the gradual recruitment of bodily articulators for linguistic functions directly maps the way in which a new language increases in complexity and efficiency over time. While compositional communication is almost exclusively restricted to humans, it is not restricted to language. In the spontaneous, intense emotional displays of athletes, different emotional states are correlated with actions of particular face and body features and feature groupings. These findings indicate a much more ancient communicative compositional capacity, and support a paradigm that includes visible body actions in the quest for core linguistic properties and their origins.