Bottom-Up-Assembled Nanostar Colloids of Gold Cores and Tubes Derived From Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Bottom-Up-Assembled Nanostar Colloids of Gold Cores and Tubes Derived From Tobacco Mosaic Virus
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DOI：
10.1002/anie.201300834
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发表时间：
2013-07-08
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Wege, Christina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eber, Fabian J.;Eiben, Sabine;Wege, Christina
有序的生物分子复合物，如丝状、管状或球形病毒颗粒，在其表面上暴露高密度的规则排列的官能团，这允许进一步官能团的偶联或遗传修饰。[1]其中一些对人类无致病性，在广泛的条件下稳定，并且可以在合适的宿主中以高产率生产。结合纳米结构的高表面积与体积比，这导致它们用作多功能生物支架[2]以及传感器设备或诊断工具中的捕获元件。[3]它们与无机成分的可控整合仍然是一个挑战，但对于纳米技术的进步至关重要，例如，生物相互作用的物理读出。在这种情况下，无机纳米颗粒可以是磁性的、荧光的、等离子体的或导电的，这些性质不仅对于通过光学方法或电通量介导信号转导是重要的，而且对于实现生物分离过程也是重要的。[4]然而，迄今为止，常规方法通常利用无机颗粒（例如金属珠）的相对简单的涂覆表面，其通常诱导吸附的捕获蛋白的不可预测的折叠，这导致活性的显著损失，并且仅提供有限的表面积。[5]因此，新型复合材料联合收割机了高软物质表面积纳米结构上密集暴露的偶联基团与坚固的无机载体珠的优点，可能是大幅改善分离和检测性能的关键，即用于活性蛋白质物质的固定化。因此，最近对合适结构的初步研究评估了预组装的M13噬菌体修饰磁性微粒的能力。[6]然而，核蛋白纤维与金属芯的偶联不是非常有效：不同的方法实现了小于1.1的最大表面增强因子。我们已经研究了一种替代的生产路线，用于高度定义的病毒-无机纳米颗粒加合物，具有大量容易突出的蛋白质载体模板，基于僵硬的烟草花叶病毒（TMV）。而许多研究集中在具有一个或多个金属珠的单个植物或细菌病毒的位点特异性设备上，[7]我们在这里描述了一种RNA导向的自下而上的组装过程，产生了具有许多病毒衍生臂的生物无机混合纳米星，因此蛋白质表面积与金属核心的比例非常高且可调。这是通过用TMV外壳蛋白（CP）将固定在金珠上的RNA固定化来实现的。RNA与暴露在不同直径的金纳米颗粒上的寡脱氧核苷酸杂交的特异性允许在单批工艺中同时制造具有不同预定臂长分布的星星胶体。
Ordered biogenic molecular complexes, such as filamentous, tubular, or spherical virus particles, expose a high density of regularly arranged functional groups on their surfaces, which allows for the coupling of further functional groups or for genetic modification.[1] Some of them are non-pathogenic to humans, stable under a wide range of conditions, and can be produced in suitable hosts at high yields. In combination with the high surface-to-volume ratio of the nanostructures, this has led to their use as versatile biological scaffolds,[2] and as capture elements in sensor devices or diagnostic tools.[3] Their controlled integration with inorganic components still remains a challenge, but is essential for nanotechnology advancements enabling, for example, a physical read out of biological interactions. Inorganic nanoparticles in this context may be magnetic, fluorescent, plasmonic, or electrically conductive, properties which are not only important for mediating signal transduction by optical methods or electrical fluxes, but also for enabling bioseparation procedures.[4] However, conventional methods have thus far typically made use of relatively simply coated surfaces of inorganic particles such as metal beads, which often induce unpredictable folding of adsorbed capture proteins, which leads to significant losses of activity, and offers only limited surface area.[5] Novel composite materials, which combine the advantages of densely exposed coupling groups on high soft-matter surface-area nanostructures with robust inorganic carrier beads may therefore be a key to substantially improved separation and detection performance, namely for the immobilization of active protein species. Accordingly, an initial study on suitable architectures recently evaluated the capacity of pre-assembled M13 bacteriophages to modify magnetic microparticles.[6] However, the coupling of the nucleoprotein fibers to the metal cores was not very efficient: different methods achieved a maximum surface enhancement factor of less than 1.1. We have investigated an alternative production route for highly defined virus–inorganic nanoparticle adducts with a multitude of readily protruding proteinaceous carrier templates, based on the stiff tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).Whereas a number of studies have focused on the sitespecific equipment of individual plant or bacterial viruses with one or more metal beads,[7] we describe here an RNA-directed bottom-up assembly procedure yielding bioinorganic hybrid nanostars with numerous virus-derived arms, and thus an exceptionally high and tunable ratio of protein surface area to the metal cores. This was achieved by encapsidating immobilized RNA on gold beads with TMV coat protein (CP). The specificity of RNA hybridization to oligodeoxynucleotides exposed on gold nanoparticles of different diameters allowed the simultaneous fabrication of star colloids with distinct pre-determined arm-length distributions in singlebatch processes.