Infants May Use Contingency Analysis to Estimate Environmental States: An Evolutionary, Life-History Perspective
Infants May Use Contingency Analysis to Estimate Environmental States: An Evolutionary, Life-History Perspective
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DOI：
10.1111/cdep.12024
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Watson, John S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frankenhuis, Willem E.;Gergely, Gyoergy;Watson, John S.
生命早期的严酷和不可预测性似乎与长期发展结果独立相关，环境压力因素影响父母的投资（例如，反应性），然后影响儿童的发展（例如，青春期的开始）。研究已经详细介绍了中介生理途径，但没有具体说明儿童如何将父母和他人的反应经验转化为对环境严酷或不可预测性的认知估计。在本文中，我们借鉴权变分析的研究来分析这一估计过程。我们建议严酷性和不可预测性产生不同的偶然性概况，并且儿童使用这些概况分别估计每个维度。我们总结了六个经验预测。
Harshness and unpredictability early in life appear to be independently associated with long-term developmental outcomes, with environmental stressors affecting parental investment (e.g., responsiveness), which then shapes child development (e.g., onset of puberty). Research has detailed mediating physiological pathways, but has not specified how children transform experiences with their parents' and others' responsiveness into cognitive estimates about environmental harshness or unpredictability. In this article, we analyze this estimation process drawing on the study of contingency analysis. We propose that harshness and unpredictability produce distinct contingency profiles, and that children use these profiles to separately estimate each dimension. We conclude with six empirical predictions.