NEW ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY DEVICES FOR OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY IN EXTREME CONDITIONS
NEW ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY DEVICES FOR OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY IN EXTREME CONDITIONS
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用于极端条件下作业海洋学的新型先进技术设备
DOI：
10.2495/sdp-v12-n1-61-70
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gabriella Caruso
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Zappalà;G. Bruzzone;M. Azzaro;Gabriella Caruso
监测海洋生态系统的质量是实现和维护其良好环境状况的一项挑战。需要真实的时间或接近真实的时间获取和收集描述海洋环境健康状况的物理、化学和生物数据系列，这不仅是在发生污染事件时制定适当的补救措施所必需的，而且也是为了跟踪在不同时间尺度上发生的水质自然变化。开发先进的环境监测系统（沿海和近海浮标和平台、无人驾驶或遥控潜水器和不潜水器等）这一项目为实用海洋学做出了巨大贡献，有助于绕过传统海洋学调查的局限性和成本。这里描述的系统是对过去二十年来在先进的环境调查系统领域所获得的专门知识的改进和应用。与以前的原型相比，新开发的系统的潜在优势进行了描述。广泛的应用是可能的，包括当传统的“手动”采样是不可能的，或危险的情况下，例如在冰川附近，或当石油泄漏，有毒藻类水华，废水必须采样。作为第一个测试，开发的系统已被用于北极沃茨（斯瓦尔巴群岛），以评估微生物组合的空间变化。所获得的结果表明，开发的自动车辆和水多采样器是一个很好的补充传统的海洋学巡航，并构成一个实用的低成本系统，以获得良好的时空分辨率的数据，无论是初始表征和研究可能的自然或人为干扰水质。
Monitoring the quality of marine ecosystems is a challenge to achieve and preserve their good environmental status. Real time or near real time acquisition and collection of physical, chemical and biological data series describing the health conditions of marine environments is needed not only when pollution episodes occur, to set up proper remediation measures, but also to follow natural variability of water quality occurring at different time scales. The development of advanced systems for environmental monitoring (coastal and offshore buoys and platforms, unmanned or remotely controlled submersible and unsubmersible vehicles, etc.) gave a great contribution to operational oceanography, helping to bypass the limitations and costs of traditional oceanographic surveys. The systems here described constitute an improvement and application of the know-how acquired in the last two decades in the field of advanced systems for environmental investigations. Potential advantages of the new developed system in comparison with previous prototypes are described. A wide range of applications is possible, covering the cases when conventional ‘manual’ sampling is not possible, or dangerous, for example in proximity to glaciers, or when oil spill, toxic algal blooms, waste water must be sampled. As a first test, the developed system has been used in Arctic waters (Svalbard Islands) to evaluate spatial variations in the microbial assemblage. Results obtained indicate that the developed automatic vehicle and water multisampler are a good complement of traditional oceanographic cruises, and constitute a practical low-cost system to obtain data with good spatio-temporal resolution both for the initial characterization and for the study of possible natural or anthropogenic disturbance in water quality.