A Bayesian Analysis of the Temporal Change of Local Density of Proboscis Monkeys: Implications for Environmental Effects on a Multilevel Society
A Bayesian Analysis of the Temporal Change of Local Density of Proboscis Monkeys: Implications for Environmental Effects on a Multilevel Society
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.21218
复制
发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Higashi, Seigo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matsuda, Ikki;Kubo, Takuya;Higashi, Seigo
为了了解环境因素对长鼻猴多层次社会系统的影响，2005年5月至2006年5月，在马来西亚的Menanggul河沿岸的猴子睡眠地点的局部密度的时间变化进行了调查。长鼻猴通常会回到滨江树上睡觉。记录了一只雄性单元（BE单元）的睡眠部位位置，并验证了BE单元500 m范围内其他一只雄性和所有雄性单元的位置。此外，环境因素（食物的可用性，河流的水位，和河流的宽度）和交配频率的BE-单位记录。从BE-单元到最近邻单元的距离的分析中，在较小的尺度上没有检测到猴子单元的睡眠位点的空间聚集。贝叶斯分析的结果表明，有条件的局部密度周围的BE-单元可以预测的空间异质性沿着河流和食物供应的时间变化，即猴单位的局部密度可能会增加，由于更好的睡眠场所，捕食者的攻击和聚集的食物来源;长鼻猴可能不会表现出高层次的社会组织先前报道。此外，这项研究表明了考虑时间自相关效应的数据分析的重要性，因为猴子纵向数据的日常测量不是相互独立的。美国物理人类学杂志142：235-245，2010。(C)2010 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
To understand the effects of environmental factors on a social system with multilevel society in proboscis monkey units, the temporal change of the local density of sleeping sites of monkeys was investigated along the Menanggul river from May 2005 to 2006 in Malaysia. Proboscis monkeys typically return to riverside trees for night sleeping. The sleeping site locations of a one-male unit (BE-unit) were recorded and the locations of other one-male and all-male units within 500 m of the BE-unit were verified. In addition, environmental factors (food availability, the water level of the river, and the river width) and copulation frequency of BE-unit were recorded. From the analyses of the distance from the BE-unit to the nearest neighbor unit, no spatial clumping of the sleeping sites of monkey units on a smaller scale was detected. The results of a Bayesian analysis suggest that the conditional local density around the BE-unit can be predicted by the spatial heterogeneity along the river and by the temporal change of food availability, that is, the local density of monkey units might increase due to better sleeping sites with regard to predator attacks and clumped food sources; proboscis monkeys might not exhibit high-level social organization previously reported. In addition, this study shows the importance of data analysis that considers the effects of temporal autocorrelation, because the daily measurements of longitudinal data on monkeys are not independent of each other. Am J Phys Anthropol 142:235-245, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.