Osmolality of mammalian blood and of media for culture of mammalian cells
Osmolality of mammalian blood and of media for culture of mammalian cells
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哺乳动物血液和哺乳动物细胞培养培养基的渗透压
DOI：
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发表时间：
1970
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Waymouth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Waymouth
基于血浆的离子组成的“生理盐溶液”的概念是用于细胞和组织培养的化学成分确定的培养基已经建立的基础之一。“生理盐溶液”起源于19世纪80年代，英国生理学家悉尼·林格（1-5）将其作为研究两栖动物心脏和腿部肌肉收缩的媒介。Locke（6-8）和其他人（9-11）进行了改进，包括适应哺乳动物组织，以及添加葡萄糖和缓冲液。开发这些解决方案背后的想法是模仿组织的自然环境，以确保最小的创伤和最大限度地维持分离制剂的功能。培养细胞，有时长达数月或数年，需要比保持心脏跳动或小肠的一部分大约一个小时更严格的条件。从Lewises（12，13）开始，许多体外细胞研究者的目标之一是完善化学成分确定的培养基，能够支持各种细胞和组织的生长、功能和（在适当的情况下）分化。这方面的大多数早期尝试都是基于模仿原则;也就是说，培养基的化学成分是基于或从血液或其他生物液体的分析中演变而来的（Waymouth，14，15）。经验和模仿方法的结合也导致了几种专门为组织培养设计的“生理解决方案”的发展。Gey和Gey（16）、Earle（17）和Hanks（18，19）的那些已经被广泛使用，并且是几种标准培养基的盐和葡萄糖基（参见Waymouth，15，20）。
The concept of a "physiological salt solution," based upon the ionic composition of the blood plasma, is one of the foundations on which chemically defined media for cell and tissue culture have been built. "Physiological salt solutions" originated in the 1880's with the English physiologist Sydney Ringer (1-5) as media for the study of contractions in isolated amphibian heart and leg muscles. Improvements, including adaptations for mammalian tissues, and the addition of glucose and buffers, were made by Locke (6-8) and others (9-11). The idea behind the development of these solutions was imitation of the natural environment of the tissue, to secure minimal trauma and maximal maintenance of function in the isolated preparations. To grow cells in culture, sometimes for months or years, demands more exacting conditions than to keep a heart beating, or a section of intestine in peristalsis (9), for an hour or so. It has been one of the goals of many students of cells in vitro, starting with the Lewises (12, 13), to perfect chemically defined media capable of supporting the growth, function, and (where appropriate) the differentiation of all kinds of cells and tissues. Most of the early attempts in this direction were made on the imitative principle; that is, the chemical compositions of media have been based upon, or have evolved from, analyses of blood or other biological fluids (Waymouth, 14, 15). A combination of empirical and imitative approaches led, also, the the development of several "physiological solutions" designed especially for tissue culture. Those of Gey and Gey (16), Earle (17) and Hanks (18, 19) have been widely used and are the salt and glucose bases of several standard media (see Waymouth, 15, 20).