Formation and role of exosomes in cancer.
Formation and role of exosomes in cancer.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00018-014-1764-3
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发表时间：
2015-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kelly KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brinton LT;Sloane HS;Kester M;Kelly KA
外泌体为癌症生物学提供了新的见解，具有诊断和治疗意义。由于它们的细胞间通讯，外泌体影响肿瘤进展、转移和治疗效果。它们可以从血液和其他体液中分离出来，以揭示体内发生的疾病过程，包括癌症生长。除了作为癌症生物标志物的储存库之外，它们还可以被重新设计以恢复肿瘤免疫力。肿瘤外泌体与微环境的各种细胞相互作用以赋予肿瘤有利的变化，这些变化负责基质活化、诱导血管生成开关、增加的血管通透性和免疫逃逸。外泌体还通过帮助上皮-间充质转变和转移前小生境的形成而有助于转移。此外，外泌体保护肿瘤细胞免受化疗药物的细胞毒性作用，并将化疗抗性转移到附近的细胞。因此，外泌体对于癌症的许多致命因素是必不可少的，了解它们在癌症中的生物起源和作用是很重要的。
Exosomes offer new insight into cancer biology with both diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Because of their cell-to-cell communication, exosomes influence tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic efficacy. They can be isolated from blood and other bodily fluids to reveal disease processes occurring within the body, including cancerous growth. In addition to being a reservoir of cancer biomarkers, they can be re-engineered to reinstate tumor immunity. Tumor exosomes interact with various cells of the microenvironment to confer tumor-advantageous changes that are responsible for stromal activation, induction of the angiogenic switch, increased vascular permeability, and immune escape. Exosomes also contribute to metastasis by aiding in the epithelial-tomesenchymal transition and formation of the pre-metastatic niche. Furthermore, exosomes protect tumor cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs and transfer chemoresistance properties to nearby cells. Thus, exosomes are essential to many lethal elements of cancer and it is important to understand their biogenesis and role in cancer.