The effect of larval and early adult experience on behavioural plasticity of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae)
The effect of larval and early adult experience on behavioural plasticity of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae)
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DOI：
10.1007/s00114-007-0269-4
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发表时间：
2007-06
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Villagra;F. Pennacchio;H. Niemeyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Villagra;F. Pennacchio;H. Niemeyer
整合preimaginal和羽化经验的相关性，随后的栖息地偏好和交配发现的成年人已经很少在holometabolous昆虫测试。在这项工作中，幼虫和早期成人的经验对成年男性的行为反应的蚜虫寄生蜂，蚜虫ervi，对挥发物从寄主植物复合体（HPC）和同种女性的影响进行了评估。两个经验因素被认为是：宿主饮食（正常饮食=ND;人工饮食=AD），和羽化，即提取或非提取的寄生虫幼虫从寄生蚜虫（提取=EX;非提取=NE）。因此，设置了四种处理：ND/NE、ND/EX、AD/NE和AD/EX。用玻璃Y型嗅觉仪观察成年大鼠的嗅觉反应。对所使用的气味源进行维修。来自ND/NE治疗的雄性动物显示出到嗅觉计臂的第一选择的潜伏期较短，显示出对HPC嗅觉计臂的明显偏好，并且在HPC臂中花费的时间比来自其他治疗的雄性动物更多。只有宿主饮食和羽化经验的相互作用被证明是相关的解释的差异，在第一选择的潜伏期，在嗅觉武器花费的时间，和嗅觉武器显示的行为。这些结果表明，幼虫和羽化经验的整合在发展中的定型反应的成人的重要性。这一过程可能涉及到前想象期和出现期的记忆保持，但需要进一步的研究来理清每个阶段的贡献。同种女性的反应受治疗的影响要小得多的第一臂的选择和嗅觉计武器的时间，这表明信息素介导的行为，即使更快，更激烈的翅膀扇求爱行为注册在ND/NE男性相比，从AD/NE治疗的男性。这些结果表明，性行为受早期经验的影响较小，而不是与寻找HPC觅食或产卵有关的行为。两者合计，我们的研究结果首次表明，幼虫和羽化的经验影响在不同的方式对环境来源的线索和交配相关的线索成人的早期反应。
The relevance of the integration of preimaginal and eclosion experiences on the subsequent habitat preferences and mate finding by the adult has been rarely tested in holometabolous insects. In this work, the effect of larval and early adult experiences on the behavioural responses of adult males of the aphid parasitoid,Aphidius ervi, towards volatiles from the host–plant complex (HPC) and from conspecific females were evaluated. Two experience factors were considered: host diet (normal diet=ND; artificial diet=AD), and eclosion, i.e. extraction or non-extraction of the parasitoid larva from the parasitised aphid (extracted=EX; non-extracted=NE). Thus, four treatments were set up: ND/NE, ND/EX, AD/NE and AD/EX. Glass Y-tube olfactometers were used to investigate the responses of adultA. ervimales to the odour sources used. Males from the ND/NE treatment showed a shorter latency to the first choice of olfactometer arms, displayed a marked preference towards the HPC olfactometer arm, and spent more time in the HPC arm than males from the other treatments. Only the interaction of host diet and eclosion experiences proved to be relevant in explaining the differences in latency to first choice, time spent in olfactometers arms, and behaviours displayed in the olfactometer arms. These results show the importance of the integration of larval and eclosion experiences in the development of stereotyped responses of the adults. This process may involve memory retention from the preimaginal and emergence period, but further research is needed to disentangle the contribution of each stage. The response to conspecific females was much less affected by the treatments in relation to first arm choice and times in olfactometer arms, suggesting a pheromone-mediated behaviour, even though a prompter and more intense wing fanning courtship behaviour was registered in the ND/NE males compared to males from the AD/NE treatment. These results show that sexual behaviours are less affected by early experiences than behaviours related with finding a HPC for foraging or oviposition. Taken together, our results demonstrate for first time that larval and eclosion experiences affect in a differential way the early responses of the adult towards environment-derived cues and mate related cues.