Early-Life Diet Affects Host Microbiota and Later-Life Defenses Against Parasites in Frogs
Early-Life Diet Affects Host Microbiota and Later-Life Defenses Against Parasites in Frogs
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icx028
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Rohr, Jason R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knutie, Sarah A.;Shea, Lauren A.;Rohr, Jason R.
食物资源可以通过改变生物体的共生微生物群和影响宿主防御寄生虫的能量储备来影响生物体的健康。不同的饮食可以在其宏量营养素含量不同，因此它们可能有利于宿主的某些细菌群落，并影响免疫系统的发育和维持，如炎症或抗体反应。因此，测试饮食对宿主相关微生物群和寄生虫防御的影响，特别是对于饮食宽度较宽的动物，在确定感染和疾病风险方面可能很重要。在这里，我们测试古巴树蛙（Osteopilus septentrionalis）的早期饮食是否会影响早期和晚期的微生物群以及对皮肤穿透性肠道蠕虫（Aplectana hamatospicula）的后期防御。我们喂蝌蚪两种生态学上常见的饮食：同种饮食或藻类饮食（节旋藻属）。然后，我们：（1）描述了蝌蚪和成年青蛙的肠道微生物群;（2）用寄生蠕虫攻击成年青蛙，并测量宿主抗性（包括抗体介导的免疫反应）和感染耐受性。蝌蚪饲料影响蝌蚪肠道细菌群落，但对成年蝌蚪肠道细菌群落没有持久影响。相反，蝌蚪饮食对宿主的抵抗力和成年青蛙的感染耐受性有持久的影响。蛙喂食同种为基础的饮食蝌蚪更耐蠕虫的渗透相比，蛙喂食藻类为基础的饮食蝌蚪，但不耐蠕虫的建立，这可能与他们抑制抗体反应蠕虫建立。此外，蛙喂食同种为基础的饮食蝌蚪更宽容的寄生虫丰度的影响，在蠕虫建立主机质量。总的来说，我们的研究表明，古巴树蛙蝌蚪的饮食影响肠道微生物群和对青蛙寄生肠道蠕虫的防御，但这些影响分别取决于宿主和感染的阶段。
Food resources can affect the health of organisms by altering their symbiotic microbiota and affecting energy reserves for host defenses against parasites. Different diets can vary in their macronutrient content and therefore they might favor certain bacterial communities of the host and affect the development and maintenance of the immune system, such as the inflammatory or antibody responses. Thus, testing the effect of diet, especially for animals with wide diet breadths, on host-associated microbiota and defenses against parasites might be important in determining infection and disease risk. Here, we test whether the early-life diet of Cuban tree frogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) affects early-and later-life microbiota as well as later-life defenses against skin-penetrating, gut worms (Aplectana hamatospicula). We fed tadpoles two ecologically common diets: a diet of conspecifics or a diet of algae (Arthrospira sp.). We then: (1) characterized the gut microbiota of tadpoles and adults; and (2) challenged adult frogs with parasitic worms and measured host resistance (including the antibody-mediated immune response) and tolerance of infections. Tadpole diet affected bacterial communities in the guts of tadpoles but did not have enduring effects on the bacterial communities of adults. In contrast, tadpole diet had enduring effects on host resistance and tolerance of infections in adult frogs. Frogs that were fed a conspecific-based diet as tadpoles were more resistant to worm penetration compared with frogs that were fed an alga-based diet as tadpoles, but less resistant to worm establishment, which may be related to their suppressed antibody response during worm establishment. Furthermore, frogs that were fed a conspecific-based diet as tadpoles were more tolerant to the effect of parasite abundance on host mass during worm establishment. Overall, our study demonstrates that the diet of Cuban tree frog tadpoles affects the gut microbiota and defenses against parasitic gut worms of frogs, but these effects depend on the stage of the host and infection, respectively.