Patterns of turtle species' geographic range size and a test of Rapoport's rule
Patterns of turtle species' geographic range size and a test of Rapoport's rule
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00580.x
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发表时间：
1999-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Hecnar, SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hecnar, SJ
最近，人们对记录和解释物种范围大小模式的兴趣重新兴起，目的是确定一般模式是否存在。最近的许多争论都集中在拉波波特规则（范围大小随纬度增加而增加的趋势）是否是一般规则或局部效应上。我根据分布图计算了海龟物种范围的大小，并使用已发表的自然历史数据来研究范围大小如何随纬度变化，并确定各大洲之间范围大小是否存在差异，以及与体型大小、可用土地面积、栖息地和饮食宽度是否存在相关性。龟类活动范围大小的分布范围扩大了六个数量级，并形成对数正态分布，许多物种具有中或小范围，少数物种具有大范围。活动范围大小与可用土地面积、栖息地宽度、饮食宽度和体型呈正相关。多元回归仅占范围大小方差的 39%，这表明其他重要因素仍然未知。在全球和大陆尺度上，范围大小在赤道附近最大，并随着纬度的增加而减小，这与拉波波特规则相反。然而，在近北极和古北极，北纬 25-30 度以上的范围大小确实在纬度上增加，这表明该模式更准确地被认为是局部效应，而不是一般规则。低纬度地区可能会出现更大的范围，因为热带地区更多的陆地面积为变温动物提供了更合适的栖息地，并且几乎没有大规模的物理扩散障碍。拉波波特模式是由少数广泛的耐寒物种的出现造成的，这些物种在更新世冰川作用后重新入侵北纬地区。物种分布范围的纵向和纬度范围及其位置的模式说明了气候、山脉、沙漠和海岸线作为潜在影响范围大小的障碍的重要性。
There has been a recent resurgence of interest in documenting and explaining patterns of species' range sizes with the goal of determining if general patterns exist. Much recent debate has centered on whether Rapoport's rule, the tendency for range size to increase with increasing latitude, is a general rule or a local effect. I calculated the sizes of turtle species ranges from distribution maps and used published natural history data to examine how range size varies with latitude, and to determine if differences in range size exist among continents, and if correlations with body size, available land area, habitat and diet breadth exist. The distribution of turtle range sizes extended over six orders of magnitude and formed a lognormal distribution with many species having moderate or small ranges and few species having large ranges. Range size was positively correlated with available land area, habitat breadth, diet breadth, and body size. Multiple regression accounted for only 39% of the variance in range size indicating that other important factors remain unknown. At both global and continental scales, range size is largest near the equator and decreases with increasing latitude, the opposite of Rapoport's rule. However, range size did increase latitudinally above 25-30 degrees N in both the Neararctic and Palearctic suggesting that the pattern would be more accurately considered a local effect than a general rule. Larger range sizes at low latitudes may occur because more land area in the tropics provides much suitable habitat for ectotherms and there are few large scale physical barriers to dispersal. Rapoport patterns result from the occurrence of a small number of wide-ranging cold tolerant species that have reinvaded northern latitudes after Pleistocene glaciation. Patterns of the longitudinal and latitudinal extents of species ranges and their positions illustrate the importance of climate, mountain ranges, deserts, and coastlines, as barriers potentially affecting range size.