Role of deep breaths in ultrasonic vocal production of Sprague-Dawley rats
Role of deep breaths in ultrasonic vocal production of Sprague-Dawley rats
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深呼吸在 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠超声发声中的作用
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00590.2019
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Stein, Amy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Riede, Tobias;Schaefer, Charles;Stein, Amy
深呼吸是啮齿动物以潮气量增加为特征的三种呼吸方式之一。虽然人类在发声行为中融入了深呼吸，但目前尚不清楚非人类哺乳动物是否使用深呼吸来发声。我们利用声门下压力记录对清醒的、自发行为的雄性SD大鼠在五种情况下进行了研究：睡眠、休息、有害刺激、在发情期暴露于雌性大鼠，以及暴露于未知雄性大鼠。深呼吸的频率在每小时17.5到90.3次之间。虽然在社交和有害的环境中呼吸和发声的总体频率更高，但深呼吸的频率只有在男性与女性互动时才会增加。这些结果也有助于我们对大鼠发声-呼吸整合的理解。呼气阶段与发声相关的深呼吸频率随着发声活动的增加而增加。深呼吸与发声相关的比例(平均为22%)与吸气或呼吸中含有发声的比例相似。因此，发声运动模式似乎与流行的呼吸节奏有关，即发声使用可用的呼吸模式，而不是招募特定的呼吸模式。此外，当深呼吸与发声相联系时，其模式是不同的，这表明运动规划发生了。最后，深呼吸是声音变化的来源；例如，在深吸气后产生的22 khz通话中，通话持续时间和基频调制都较大。NEW&NOTEWORTHY长长的、可听到的呼吸可以表达各种情绪。对一种非人类哺乳动物的深呼吸(也称为叹息)的研究表明，有时会使用深呼吸来发声。与人类相似，深呼吸发声的声学特征也是有特点的。
Deep breaths are one of three breathing patterns in rodents characterized by an increased tidal volume. While humans incorporate deep breaths into vocal behavior, it was unknown whether nonhuman mammals use deep breaths for vocal production. We have utilized subglottal pressure recordings in awake, spontaneously behaving male Sprague-Dawley rats in five contexts: sleep, rest, noxious stimulation, exposure to a female in estrus, and exposure to an unknown male. Deep breaths were produced at rates ranging between 17.5 and 90.3 deep breaths per hour. While overall breathing and vocal rates were higher in social and noxious contexts, the rate of deep breaths was only increased during the male’s interaction with a female. Results also inform our understanding of vocal-respiratory integration in rats. The rate of deep breaths that were associated with a vocalization during the exhalation phase increased with vocal activity. The proportion of deep breaths that were associated with a vocalization (on average 22%) was similar to the proportion of sniffing or eupnea breaths that contain a vocalization. Therefore, vocal motor patterns appear to be entrained to the prevailing breathing rhythm, i.e., vocalization uses the available breathing pattern rather than recruiting a specific breathing pattern. Furthermore, the pattern of a deep breath was different when it was associated with a vocalization, suggesting that motor planning occurs. Finally, deep breaths are a source for acoustic variation; for example, call duration and fundamental frequency modulation were both larger in 22-kHz calls produced following a deep inhalation.NEW & NOTEWORTHYThe emission of a long, deep, audible breath can express various emotions. The investigation of deep breaths, also known as sighing, in a nonhuman mammal demonstrated the occasional use of deep breaths for vocal production. Similar to the human equivalent, acoustic features of a deep breath vocalization are characteristic.