Socioeconomic Factors and Vulnerability to Outbreaks of Leptospirosis in Nicaragua
Socioeconomic Factors and Vulnerability to Outbreaks of Leptospirosis in Nicaragua
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph110808301
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发表时间：
2014-08-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Espinal, Marcos A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bacallao, Jorge;Schneider, Maria Cristina;Espinal, Marcos A.
钩端螺旋体病是一种在全球范围内流行的人畜共患病，每年报告的人间病例超过50万例。它受到环境和社会经济因素的影响，这些因素影响着疫情的发生和疾病的发病率。尼加拉瓜已经确定了钩端螺旋体病暴发的关键地区和潜在驱动因素，在那里，几种条件汇聚在一起，为钩端螺旋体病的发展创造了适当的情景。这项研究的目的是探索与钩端螺旋体病关键地区相关的可能的社会经济变量，并构建和验证基于市政社会经济指标的脆弱性指数。社会经济地位较低的城市(对家庭质量和卫生服务的基本需求得不到更多满足，以及极端贫困和文盲率较高)的钩端螺旋体感染率最高。当地脆弱性指数最高的城市应该是干预的优先事项。环境因素造成的风险与社会经济条件造成的风险之间的区别很重要，这也适用于“暴发原因”和“病例原因”。
Leptospirosis is an epidemic-prone zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide, with more than 500,000 human cases reported annually. It is influenced by environmental and socioeconomic factors that affect the occurrence of outbreaks and the incidence of the disease. Critical areas and potential drivers for leptospirosis outbreaks have been identified in Nicaragua, where several conditions converge and create an appropriate scenario for the development of leptospirosis. The objectives of this study were to explore possible socioeconomic variables related to leptospirosis critical areas and to construct and validate a vulnerability index based on municipal socioeconomic indicators. Municipalities with lower socioeconomic status (greater unsatisfied basic needs for quality of the household and for sanitary services, and higher extreme poverty and illiteracy rates) were identified with the highest leptospirosis rates. The municipalities with highest local vulnerability index should be the priority for intervention. A distinction between risk given by environmental factors and vulnerability to risk given by socioeconomic conditions was shown as important, which also applies to the "causes of outbreaks" and "causes of cases".