The biology of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins
The biology of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins
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DOI：
10.2337/diabetes.53.2007.s130
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发表时间：
2004-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Ricquier, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rousset, S;Alves-Guerra, MC;Ricquier, D
解偶联蛋白（UCPs）是存在于线粒体内膜的线粒体转运蛋白。它们存在于所有哺乳动物和植物中。它们属于阴离子线粒体载体家族，包括腺嘌呤核苷酸转运体。术语“解偶联蛋白”最初用于UCP1，它独特地存在于棕色脂肪细胞的线粒体中，棕色脂肪细胞是维持小型啮齿动物体温的产热细胞。在这些细胞中，UCP1作为游离脂肪酸激活的质子载体，在呼吸链复合物和ATP合酶之间产生分流。UCP1的激活增强了呼吸作用，解偶联过程导致氧化能以热量的形式无效循环和耗散。UCP2在淋巴系统、巨噬细胞和胰岛中普遍存在并高表达。UCP3主要表达于骨骼肌。与已知的UCP1解偶联和产热活性相比，UCP2和UCP3似乎参与了细胞内自由基水平的限制，而不是生理解偶联和产热。UCP2是胰岛素分泌的调节因子，UCP3参与脂肪酸代谢。
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are mitochondrial transporters present in the inner membrane of mitochondria. They are found in all mammals and in plants. They belong to the family of anion mitochondrial carriers including adenine nucleotide transporters. The term "uncoupling protein" was originally used for UCP1, which is uniquely present in mitochondria of brown adipocytes, the thermogenic cells that maintain body temperature in small rodents. In these cells, UCP1 acts as a proton carrier activated by free fatty acids and creates a shunt between complexes of the respiratory chain and ATP synthase. Activation of UCP1 enhances respiration, and the uncoupling process results in a futile cycle and dissipation of oxidation energy as heat. UCP2 is ubiquitous and highly expressed in the lymphoid system, macrophages, and pancreatic islets. UCP3 is mainly expressed in skeletal muscles. In comparison to the established uncoupling and thermogenic activities of UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3 appear to be involved in the limitation of free radical levels in cells rather than in physiological uncoupling and thermogenesis. Moreover, UCP2 is a regulator of insulin secretion and UCP3 is involved in fatty acid metabolism.