The Spatial-Temporal Pattern of Policing Following a Drug Policy Reform: Triangulating Self-Reported Arrests With Official Crime Statistics.
The Spatial-Temporal Pattern of Policing Following a Drug Policy Reform: Triangulating Self-Reported Arrests With Official Crime Statistics.
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DOI：
10.1080/10826084.2016.1223689
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发表时间：
2017-01-28
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Beletsky L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaines TL;Werb D;Arredondo J;Alaniz VM;Vilalta C;Beletsky L
2009年，墨西哥颁布了一项毒品政策改革（Narcomenudeo），旨在将拥有少量非法毒品的人转移到治疗而不是监禁。为了评估改革的影响，本研究考察了墨西哥蒂华纳禁毒警务在立法后的时空趋势。在蒂华纳（Tijuana）前瞻性社区招募的注射吸毒者（PWID）队列（N=552）中，自我报告逮捕的位置（N= 1160）绘制了城市社区的地图。警方的官方报告详细描述了与毒品有关的逮捕情况，并与PWID自己报告的逮捕情况进行了三角比对。探索性空间数据分析考察了连续三年（2011-2013年）两个数据集之间的逮捕分布和空间关联。2011年，超过一半的非法移民被拘留，但没有被正式指控犯罪；2013年，90%的逮捕导致了刑事指控。从2011年到2013年，尽管整个蒂华纳的总体逮捕率保持稳定，但官方与毒品有关的逮捕增加了67.8% （p < 0.01）。连续每一年，我们都发现自我报告的逮捕地点与官方逮捕地点之间存在高度的空间关联（p < 0.05）。两个独立的数据来源表明，尽管颁布了一项面向公共卫生的毒品政策改革，蒂华纳的禁毒执法力度仍有所上升。逮捕行动最集中的地区是传统上毒品犯罪率较高的地区。自我报告的逮捕数据与官方逮捕数据之间的高度相关性强调了未来研究警务作为公共卫生结构性决定因素的作用的机会。
In 2009, Mexico enacted a drug policy reform (Narcomenudeo) designed to divert persons possessing small amounts of illicit drugs to treatment rather than incarceration. To assess reform impact, this study examines the spatial-temporal trends of drug-related policing in Tijuana, Mexico post-enactment. Location of self-reported arrests (N=1,160) among a prospective, community-recruited cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana (N=552) was mapped across city neighborhoods. Official police reports detailing drug-related arrests was triangulated with PWID self-reported arrests. Exploratory spatial data analysis examined the distribution of arrests and spatial association between both datasets across three successive years, 2011–2013. In 2011, over half of PWID reported being detained but not officially charged with a criminal offense; in 2013, 90% of arrests led to criminal charges. Official drug-related arrests increased by 67.8% (p < 0.01) from 2011 to 2013 despite overall arrest rates remaining stable throughout Tijuana. For each successive year, we identified a high degree of spatial association between the location of self-reported and official arrests (p < 0.05). Two independent data sources suggest that intensity of drug law enforcement had risen in Tijuana despite the promulgation of a public health-oriented drug policy reform. The highest concentrations of arrests were in areas traditionally characterized by higher rates of drug crime. High correlation between self-reported and official arrest data underscores opportunities for future research on the role of policing as a structural determinant of public health.