Genetic effects of demographic bottleneck and recovery in Kinkazan Island and mainland populations of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Genetic effects of demographic bottleneck and recovery in Kinkazan Island and mainland populations of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
复制标题
金华山岛和大陆日本猕猴种群数量瓶颈和恢复的遗传效应
DOI：
10.1007/s10329-023-01050-3
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Inoue-Murayama M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kazahari N.;Inoue E.;Nakagawa N.;Kawamoto Y.;Uno T.;Inoue-Murayama M.
从20世纪00年代到20世纪60年代，日本猕猴的数量在大部分地区大幅减少，然后主要在本州东北部恢复。种群规模的急剧减少通过瓶颈效应降低了遗传变异性。减少后的人口扩张积累了新的突变，可以减少瓶颈效应或推动遗传变异的恢复。我们研究了一个小岛屿人口（金刚山岛）和一个较大的大陆人口（东北南部）的日本猕猴，经历了最近的人口瓶颈和恢复使用8个微卫星位点的遗传状态。这两个群体在遗传上有很大的差异。金刚山种群表现出较低的遗传变异性，显著的瓶颈证据（即，显著的杂合性过剩和罕见等位基因的频率较低），以及基于遗传数据的有效种群规模比基于当前普查规模的有效种群规模小得多。这些结果表明，尽管金刚山岛的人口普查规模完全恢复，但遗传状况尚未完全从人口瓶颈中恢复过来。由于岛屿的承载能力很小，新的突变可能很少积累。因此，种群的遗传变异受到严重的瓶颈大小、较小的承载力和长期隔离的限制。另一方面，瓶颈效应似乎是有限的东北南部人口考虑到较高的遗传变异性，非显着的杂合性过剩，在许多突变条件下，和最高频率的罕见等位基因。
Populations of Japanese macaques were significantly reduced in most areas from the 1900s to the 1960s and then recovered mainly in the northeastern part of Honshu. A drastic reduction in population size reduces genetic variability through a bottleneck effect. Demographic expansion after the reduction that accumulates new mutations can reduce the bottleneck effects or drive the recovery of genetic variability. We examined the genetic status of a small island population (Kinkazan Island) and a larger mainland population (southern Tohoku) of Japanese macaques that experienced recent demographic bottlenecks and recovery using eight microsatellite loci. The two populations were significantly genetically different from each other. The Kinkazan population exhibited lower genetic variability, remarkable evidence of bottleneck (i.e., significant heterozygosity excess and lower frequency of rare alleles), and a considerably smaller effective population size based on genetic data than based on the current census size. These results indicate that the genetic status has not completely recovered from the demographic bottleneck despite a full recovery in census size on Kinkazan Island. New mutations might rarely have accumulated because of the small carrying capacity of the island. Therefore, the genetic variability of the population would have been restrained by the severe bottleneck size, small carrying capacity, and long-term isolation. On the other hand, the bottleneck effect seems to be limited in the southern Tohoku population considering higher genetic variability, non-significant heterozygosity excess in many mutation conditions, and the highest frequency of rare alleles.