Learning in repeated visual search.
Learning in repeated visual search.
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DOI：
10.3758/app.72.5.1267
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发表时间：
2010-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Goldinger SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hout MC;Goldinger SD
视觉搜索（例如，在其他对象的阵列中找到特定对象）在人们能够忽略分散注意力的非目标时最有效地执行。然而，在重复搜索中，偶然学习对象身份可能有助于性能。在三个实验中，超过1,100名参与者，我们检查了搜索的程度可以促进对象的记忆和空间布局的记忆。参与者在重复的干扰物中寻找新的目标（真实世界，可命名的物体）。为了使任务更具挑战性，一些参与者进行了多目标搜索，增加了对视觉工作记忆（WM）的要求。搜索后，记忆搜索干扰进行了评估，使用一个惊喜的两个选择强迫选择识别记忆测试语义匹配的箔。搜索性能促进分心物对象学习和空间记忆，它是最强大的对象身份时，始终与空间位置和最弱（或不存在）时，对象身份不一致的试验。在高WM负荷下搜索的参与者中，相对于低WM负荷，对分心物的附带记忆更好。当视觉搜索包括穷举搜索试验（实验1）或当所有试验都是自我终止（实验2）时，观察到这些结果。在实验3中，刺激暴露等同于整个WM负载组呈现对象在一个单一的对象流;识别精度是类似的实验1和2。总之，研究结果表明，人们偶然产生的非目标对象在搜索过程中遇到的记忆，这种记忆可以促进搜索性能。
Visual search (e.g., finding a specific object in an array of other objects) is performed most effectively when people are able to ignore distracting nontargets. In repeated search, however, incidental learning of object identities may facilitate performance. In three experiments, with over 1,100 participants, we examined the extent to which search could be facilitated by object memory and by memory for spatial layouts. Participants searched for new targets (real-world, nameable objects) embedded among repeated distractors. To make the task more challenging, some participants performed search for multiple targets, increasing demands on visual working memory (WM). Following search, memory for search distractors was assessed using a surprise two-alternative forced choice recognition memory test with semantically matched foils. Search performance was facilitated by distractor object learning and by spatial memory; it was most robust when object identity was consistently tied to spatial locations and weakest (or absent) when object identities were inconsistent across trials. Incidental memory for distractors was better among participants who searched under high WM load, relative to low WM load. These results were observed when visual search included exhaustive-search trials (Experiment 1) or when all trials were self-terminating (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, stimulus exposure was equated across WM load groups by presenting objects in a single-object stream; recognition accuracy was similar to that in Experiments 1 and 2. Together, the results suggest that people incidentally generate memory for nontarget objects encountered during search and that such memory can facilitate search performance.