Working memory training does not enhance older adults' cognitive skills: A comprehensive meta-analysis
Working memory training does not enhance older adults' cognitive skills: A comprehensive meta-analysis
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DOI：
10.1016/j.intell.2019.101386
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Gobet, Fernand
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sala, Giovanni;Aksayli, N. Deniz;Gobet, Fernand
在过去的二十年里，人们一直致力于寻找通过认知训练来增强认知功能的方法。到目前为止，在普通人群中提高广泛认知功能的尝试已经失败。然而，一些认知训练方案仍有可能对特定人群（如老年人）产生积极影响。在这篇元分析综述中，我们调查了工作记忆（WM）训练对老年人认知技能的影响。进行了三次稳健方差估计荟萃分析（N = 2140，m = 43，k = 698），以分析干预对（a）训练任务，（B）近转移测量和（c）远转移测量的影响。虽然在训练任务中发现了较大的效应（（g）超过棒= 0.877），但在近转移和远转移荟萃分析中分别仅获得了适度（g）超过棒= 0.274）和接近零（g）超过棒= 0.121）的效应。出版偏倚分析提供的调整后估计值略低。此外，当实施活性对照组时，远转移效应为零（（g）/条= -0.008）。最后，这些影响在研究中高度一致（即，低或零真实异质性），特别是在近和远转移模型中。虽然确认的困难，在获得认知训练的转移效果，这些结果证实了最近的经验证据表明，WM是不同构与其他基本的认知技能，如流体智力。
In the last two decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to finding a way to enhance cognitive function by cognitive training. To date, the attempt to boost broad cognitive functions in the general population has failed. However, it is still possible that some cognitive training regimens exert a positive influence on specific populations, such as older adults. In this meta-analytic review, we investigated the effects of working memory (WM) training on older adults' cognitive skills. Three robust-variance-estimation meta-analyses (N = 2140, m = 43, and k = 698) were run to analyze the effects of the intervention on (a) the trained tasks, (b) near-transfer measures, and (c) far-transfer measures. While large effects were found for the trained tasks ((g) over bar = 0.877), only modest ((g) over bar = 0.274) and near-zero ((g) over bar = 0.121) effects were obtained in the near-transfer and far-transfer meta-analyses, respectively. Publication-bias analysis provided adjusted estimates that were slightly lower. Moreover, when active control groups were implemented, the far-transfer effects were null ((g) over bar = -0.008). Finally, the effects were highly consistent across studies (i.e., low or null true heterogeneity), especially in the near- and far-transfer models. While confirming the difficulty in obtaining transfer effects with cognitive training, these results corroborate recent empirical evidence suggesting that WM is not isomorphic with other fundamental cognitive skills such as fluid intelligence.