Fast eating is a strong risk factor for new-onset diabetes among the Japanese general population
Fast eating is a strong risk factor for new-onset diabetes among the Japanese general population
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-44477-9
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发表时间：
2019-06-03
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Shimabukuro, Michio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kudo, Akihiro;Asahi, Koichi;Shimabukuro, Michio
虽然许多研究都考察了食物的种类和数量以及进食频率与新发糖尿病的关系，但很少有关于饮食方式(如不吃早餐、零食或食物的摄取速度)与糖尿病发病之间的关系的报告。我们在全国范围内的日本队列中调查了进食速度以及其他饮食习惯(如零食和不吃早餐)与新发糖尿病之间的关系。我们从日本的全国年度健康检查计划中获得了数据。在2008年的197825名非糖尿病参与者中，问卷记录了饮食习惯(进食速度、晚饭后或睡前零食、不吃早餐)的数据，并使用未经调整和多变量调整的Logistic回归模型来衡量3年随访中新发糖尿病的优势比。在新发糖尿病组中，快餐者、晚餐后零食、睡前零食和不吃早餐的比例高于未发展为糖尿病的组。与非禁食者组相比，快食者通常更年轻，BMI更高，20年后体重增加更多，1年内体重波动频繁。即使在对年龄、体重、体重变化率、血压、吸烟和饮酒等多个因素进行校正后，快食者患糖尿病的风险仍然存在。没有其他饮食习惯是糖尿病发病的独立预测因素。结果表明，在新发糖尿病的饮食习惯中，快速进食是唯一的诱因。未来的研究需要评估避免快速进食是否有益于预防糖尿病。
Although many studies that have examined the relationship of type and amount of food and the frequency of eating with new onset of diabetes, there are few reports on the relationship between how meals are eaten, such as skipping breakfast, snacking or food ingestion speed, and the onset of diabetes. We investigated the relationship between eating speed, as well as other eating habits such as snacking and skip breakfast, and new onset of diabetes in a nation-wide Japanese cohort. We obtained data from the nation-wide annual health check program in Japan. In 197,825 participants without diabetes in 2008, questionnaires recorded data on the diet habits (eating speed, snack after supper or before sleep, and skipping breakfast) and unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to measure the odds ratio of new-onset diabetes mellitus in a 3-year follow up. The proportion of fast eaters, those who snack after supper, snack before sleep, and skip breakfast was higher in the new-onset diabetes group than in the group who did not develop diabetes mellitus. As compared with the non-fast eater group, fast eaters were generally younger, had higher BMI, had more weight gain from 20 years onwards, and experienced frequent weight fluctuations of >= 3 kg within 1 year. The risk of fast eaters developing diabetes mellitus remained even after correction for multiple factors including age, body weight, rate of weight change, blood pressure, smoking, and alcohol consumption. No other eating habits were independent predictors for onset of diabetes mellitus. Results show that fast eating is a sole predisposing factor among eating habits for new-onset diabetes. Future studies were warranted to evaluate whether avoidance of fast eating is beneficial for prevention of diabetes mellitus.