Remote sensing and geologic mapping of glaciovolcanic deposits in the region surrounding Askja (Dyngjufjöll) volcano, Iceland
Remote sensing and geologic mapping of glaciovolcanic deposits in the region surrounding Askja (Dyngjufjöll) volcano, Iceland
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冰岛阿斯贾（Dyngjufjöll）火山周边地区冰川火山沉积物的遥感和地质测绘
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
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通讯作者：
D. McGarvie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Graettinger;M. Ellis;I. Skilling;Kevin A. Reath;Michael S. Ramsey;R. Lee;Christopher Hughes;D. McGarvie
冰岛北方火山带的地表地质主要由火山脊、中央火山、盾状火山和火山岩组成。最大的特征是典型的冰局限（冰川火山）的起源，并覆盖着大量的全新世（陆上）熔岩和冰川沉积物。文献主要集中在突出的或非常年轻的特征上，忽略了小的和更古老的火山特征。这项研究的目的是展示遥感制图技术在冰川火山环境中的应用，以确定主要岩性，并确定进行结构、地层和年龄研究的地点。在这项研究中的存款发生在冰岛中部的Askja火山及其周围，包括更新世冰川火山凝灰岩和陆上浮石从1875年的Askja流纹岩喷发。高级星载热发射和反射辐射计的数据与以前公布的地质和遥感数据集以及最近对Askja冰川火山沉积物进行的实地考察结合使用，以进行验证。远程获取的数据集包括2010年8月获得的航空照片和一幅ASTER景象。可见光和近红外（VNIR）和热红外（TIR）分类和线性反卷积的TIR发射率数据进行使用来自感兴趣的区域和实验室光谱的端元。端元选自油田区域内代表性岩性单元的样品，包括冰川火山沉积物（枕状熔岩、凝灰岩等），历史沉积物（1875年浮石，20世纪20年代玄武质熔岩）和来自Askja的全新世玄武质熔岩。研究结果表明，在冰岛、南极洲和不列颠哥伦比亚省等地区，与古冰重建有关的冰川火山沉积区的遥感地面覆盖物制图具有潜力。遥感测绘将有助于冰川火山研究，因为它可以确定这些相对难以到达的火山岩的岩性变化，并作为确定偏远地区未来实地地点的重要跳板。
The surface geology of the Northern Volcanic Zone in Iceland is dominated by volcanic ridges, central volcanoes, shield volcanoes, and tuyas. The largest features are typically ice-confined (glaciovolcanic) in origin, and are overlain by voluminous Holocene (subaerial) lavas and glacial outwash deposits. The literature has focused heavily on prominent or very young features, neglecting small and older volcanic features. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the application of remote-sensing mapping techniques to the glaciovolcanic environment in order to identify dominant lithologies and determine locations for textural, stratigraphic, and age studies. The deposits targeted in this study occur on and around Askja volcano, in central Iceland, including Pleistocene glaciovolcanic tuffs and subaerial pumice from the 1875 rhyolitic eruption of Askja. Data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) were used in conjunction with previously published geologic and remote-sensing data sets and recent field work on glaciovolcanic deposits of Askja for validation. Remotely acquired data sets include aerial photographs and one ASTER scene obtained in August 2010. Visible and near-infrared (VNIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) classifications and linear deconvolution of the TIR emissivity data were performed using end-members derived from regions of interest and laboratory spectra. End-members were selected from samples of representative lithologic units within the field area, including glaciovolcanic deposits (pillow lavas, tuffs, etc.), historical deposits (1875 pumice, 1920s basaltic lavas), and Holocene basaltic lavas from Askja. The results demonstrate the potential for remote sensing-based ground cover mapping of areas of glaciovolcanic deposits relevant to palaeo-ice reconstructions in areas such as Iceland, Antarctica, and British Columbia. Remote sensing-based mapping will benefit glaciovolcanic studies, by determining the lithologic variability of these relatively inaccessible massifs and serving as an important springboard for the identification of future field sites in remote areas.