Electrophysiology of peptides in the central nervous system.
Electrophysiology of peptides in the central nervous system.
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中枢神经系统肽的电生理学。
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071774
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发表时间：
1982
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
J. Kelly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Kelly
现在已经在脑、脊髓和外周神经系统的神经元中鉴定了超过20种肽（Emson，1979; Hokfelt等，1980 a），并且可能有十倍的肽仍有待发现（Snyder，1980）。大多数现有证据表明，它们不仅集中在神经末梢，而且在神经活动期间以钙依赖的方式释放，这表明它们作为神经递质发挥作用。然而，所有这些工作几乎完全依赖于通过放射免疫测定法测量组织和体液中的肽，以及使用免疫细胞化学在超细胞水平上定位肽。对于某些肽，有大量其他数据支持它们作为神经递质的观点，而对于其他肽，几乎没有。另一种可能性是，肽从神经末梢的存在或释放与突触传递没有直接关系，而是营养或长期事件，很少被考虑。然而，肽可能作为递质的假设已经产生了研究记忆、中枢和脊髓疼痛、饱腹感和性行为的新的和富有成效的方法，显然，肽和常规递质可能共存于同一神经元的发现使得研究肽在中枢神经系统中的功能意义变得更加困难（Hokfelt et al. 1980 a）。例如，已经有大量证据表明，在外周，出汗受到来自同一神经纤维的乙酰胆碱（ACh）和血管活性肠多肽（VIP）的伴随释放的调节，并且这两种物质与不同的受体群反应，分别引起外分泌腺的分泌和血管舒张。可能的
In excess of 20 peptides have now been identified in neurones of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system (Emson, 1979; Hokfelt et al. 1980a) and perhaps ten times as many remain to be discovered (Snyder, 1980). Most of the available evidence suggests that they are not only concentrated in nerve terminals, but released during nervous activity, in a calciumdependent way, which suggests that they act as neurotransmitters. All of this work, however, relies almost entirely on the measurement of peptides in tissues and fluids by radioimmunoassay and the localization of peptides at the ultracellular level, using immunocytochemistry. Whereas for some peptides there is a great deal of other data to support the view that they behave as neurotransmitters, for others there is virtually none. The alternative possibility that the presence, or the release, of peptides from nerve terminals is not directly related to synaptic transmission, but to say trophic, or long-term events, is only rarely considered. However, the hypothesis that peptides may act as transmitters has already generated new and fruitful approaches to the study of memory, both central and spinal pain, satiety and sexual behaviour.Clearly, the discovery that peptides and conventional transmitters may coexist in the same neurones makes it even more difficult to study the functional significance of peptides in the central nervous system (Hokfelt et al. 1980a). Already in the periphery, for instance, there is substantial evidence to suggest that sweating is regulated by the concomitant release of acetylcholine (ACh) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) from the same nerve fibre and that both substances react with different groups of receptors to bring about secretion and vasodilatation of the exocrine glands, respectively. The possible