The pelagic distribution of marine birds in a heterogeneous environment
The pelagic distribution of marine birds in a heterogeneous environment
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异质环境中海洋鸟类的中上层分布
DOI：
10.1111/j.1751-8369.1990.tb00374.x
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
G. Hunt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Hunt
在本文中，我回顾了最近，小规模，面向过程的海洋鸟类的远洋分布研究。我研究了各种水文特征，包括陡峭的流量梯度（锋）和水柱分层，在确定鸟类猎物的丰度或可用性所发挥的作用。冰缘/边缘冰区是极地地区特别感兴趣的前沿区域。在大多数海洋系统中，我们有鸟类使用特征的例子，但是关于特征对支持整个种群的重要性的信息很少。我回顾了最近的研究海洋鸟类和他们的猎物的空间和数字的一致性，并发现这些研究产生了混合的结果，与食鱼鸟类，特别是海雀觅食毛鳞鱼，比食鱼动物的相关性更强。回顾觅食过程中的多物种相互作用的调查表明，羊群觅食既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。觅食的种间促进发生在许多相互作用，涉及其他物种的鸟类和海洋哺乳动物。然而，可能会出现的捕食者，因为都寻求相同的猎物，必须谨慎评估捕食性物种之间的互利互动。
In this paper I review recent, small-scale, process-oriented studies of the pelagic distribution of marine birds. I examine the roles played by a variety of hydrographic features, including steep flow gradients (fronts) and water column stratification, in determining the abundance or availability of avian prey. The ice edge/marginal ice zone is a frontal area of particular interest in polar regions. In most oceanic systems we have examples of avian use of a feature, hut only poor information on the importance of the feature for supporting the population as a whole. I review recent studies of the spatial and numerical concordance of marine birds and their prey, and find that these studies have yielded mixed results, with correlations stronger for piscivorous birds, particularly murres foraging on capelin, than for planktivores. Review of investigations of multispecies interactions during foraging shows that flock foraging has both beneficial and negative aspects. Interspecific facilitation of foraging occurs in numerous interactions involving both other species of birds and marine mammals. However, co-occurrence of predators may occur because both seek the same prey, and caution must be used in assessing mutualistic interactions between predatory species.
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