1492 and the loss of Amazonian crop genetic resources. I. The relation between domestication and human population decline
1492 and the loss of Amazonian crop genetic resources. I. The relation between domestication and human population decline
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02866498
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发表时间：
1999-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Clement, CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clement, CR
在与欧洲人接触的时候，亚马逊地区可能有400万到500万人。1492年，这些人培育或管理了至少138种植物。这些作物遗传资源中的许多都是人类人工制品，需要人工干预才能维持它们，Le。它们处于驯化的高级状态。因此，亚马逊美洲印第安人种群的减少与接触后其作物遗传遗产的丧失之间存在联系。这种关系受到作物的驯化程度、其生活史、种植地的景观驯化程度、使用它的人类社会的数量以及它对这些社会的重要性的影响。亚马逊地区的作物基因规避可能反映了一个数量级的损失，这种损失至今仍在继续。
There may have been 4-5 million people in Amazonia at the time of European contact. These people cultivated or managed at least 138 plant species in 1492. Many of these crop genetic resources were human artifacts that required human intervention for their maintenance, Le., they were in an advanced state of domestication. Consequently, there was a relationship between the decline of Amazonian Amerindian populations and the loss of their crop genetic heritage after contact. This relationship was influenced by the crop's degree of domestication its life history, the degree of landscape domestication where it was grown, the number of human societies that used it, and its importance to these societies. Amazonian crop genetic evasion probably reflects an order of magnitude loss and the losses continue today.