Mitochondrial transplantation in cardiomyocytes: foundation, methods, and outcomes
Mitochondrial transplantation in cardiomyocytes: foundation, methods, and outcomes
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心肌细胞线粒体移植：基础、方法和结果
DOI：
10.1152/ajpcell.00152.2021
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发表时间：
2021-09-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Kheradvar, Arash
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pour, Paria Ali;Hosseinian, Sina;Kheradvar, Arash
线粒体移植正在成为一种减轻线粒体损伤和功能障碍的新型细胞生物疗法。线粒体在建立细胞稳态和为细胞提供完成其功能所需的能量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。由于其内共生起源，线粒体与其细菌祖先具有许多共同特征。与被包装成核小体并免受不利环境影响的核 DNA 不同，线粒体 DNA 更容易受到恶劣环境的影响，尤其是活性氧的影响。线粒体损伤和功能障碍与许多疾病有关，从代谢疾病到心血管疾病和神经退行性疾病等。虽然人们曾经认为线粒体的移植是不可能的，因为它们具有半自主性和对细胞核的依赖，但最近的进展表明，可以将来自自体、同种异体和异种来源的存活的、功能完整的线粒体移植到不同的细胞类型中。此外，目前的研究表明，移植可以积极调节生物能并改善疾病结果。线粒体移植技术和心肌细胞移植的后果是本次综述的主题。我们概述了不同的线粒体分离和转移技术。最后，我们详细介绍了线粒体移植对心血管系统的影响，更具体地说是在心肌病和缺血的情况下。
Mitochondrial transplantation is emerging as a novel cellular biotherapy to alleviate mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Mitochondria play a crucial role in establishing cellular homeostasis and providing cell with the energy necessary to accomplish its function. Owing to its endosymbiotic origin, mitochondria share many features with their bacterial ancestors. Unlike the nuclear DNA, which is packaged into nucleosomes and protected from adverse environmental effects, mitochondrial DNA are more prone to harsh environmental effects, in particular that of the reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction are implicated in many diseases ranging from metabolic diseases to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. While it was once thought that transplantation of mitochondria would not be possible due to their semiautonomous nature and reliance on the nucleus, recent advances have shown that it is possible to transplant viable functional intact mitochondria from autologous, allogenic, and xenogeneic sources into different cell types. Moreover, current research suggests that the transplantation could positively modulate bioenergetics and improve disease outcome. Mitochondrial transplantation techniques and consequences of transplantation in cardiomyocytes are the theme of this review. We outline the different mitochondrial isolation and transfer techniques. Finally, we detail the consequences of mitochondrial transplantation in the cardiovascular system, more specifically in the context of cardiomyopathies and ischemia.