The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Glioma.

The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Glioma.
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DOI:
10.3390/biomedicines10082031
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发表时间:
2022-08-20
期刊:
影响因子:
4.7
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
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--
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几十年来,癌症生物学研究一直集中在人类基因组的蛋白质编码部分。然而,随着非编码RNA(ncRNAs)的发现,人们了解到这些实体不仅在诸如生长、分化和发育等众多基本生命过程中发挥作用,而且在包括癌症在内的广泛人类疾病中也起着关键作用。研究发现,ncRNA表达失调通过细胞中的转录、转录后或表观遗传过程影响癌症的发生、进展和治疗抗性。在这篇综述中,我们重点关注ncRNA生物学中与其在神经胶质瘤发生和治疗反应中的作用相关的最新进展。神经胶质瘤很常见,是最具侵袭性的原发性肿瘤类型,约占中枢神经系统(CNS)肿瘤的30%。其中,胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)为IV级肿瘤,是最致命的脑肿瘤。只有5%的胶质母细胞瘤患者在确诊后能存活超过五年。因此,更深入地了解细胞非编码转录组可能有助于确定生物标志物和治疗药物,以更好地治疗神经胶质瘤。在这里,我们深入探讨微小RNA(miRNA)、长非编码RNA(lncRNA)和环状RNA(circRNA)在神经胶质瘤发生中的功能作用,讨论它们在细胞外的对应物的功能,并强调它们作为神经胶质瘤生物标志物和治疗药物的潜力。
For decades, research in cancer biology has been focused on the protein-coding fraction of the human genome. However, with the discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), it has become known that these entities not only function in numerous fundamental life processes such as growth, differentiation, and development, but also play critical roles in a wide spectrum of human diseases, including cancer. Dysregulated ncRNA expression is found to affect cancer initiation, progression, and therapy resistance, through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or epigenetic processes in the cell. In this review, we focus on the recent development and advances in ncRNA biology that are pertinent to their role in glioma tumorigenesis and therapy response. Gliomas are common, and are the most aggressive type of primary tumors, which account for ~30% of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Of these, glioblastoma (GBM), which are grade IV tumors, are the most lethal brain tumors. Only 5% of GBM patients survive beyond five years upon diagnosis. Hence, a deeper understanding of the cellular non-coding transcriptome might help identify biomarkers and therapeutic agents for a better treatment of glioma. Here, we delve into the functional roles of microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) in glioma tumorigenesis, discuss the function of their extracellular counterparts, and highlight their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in glioma.
miR-15b和miR-21作为用于诊断神经胶质瘤的循环生物标志物。
DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666150707155610
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