Sharing the Burden of Disease: Gender, the Household Division of Labor and the Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution
Sharing the Burden of Disease: Gender, the Household Division of Labor and the Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution
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分担疾病负担：性别、家庭分工和室内空气污染对健康的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Md. Nazmul Hassan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Pitt;M. Rosenzweig;Md. Nazmul Hassan
在许多低收入国家的农村地区，生物质燃料是家庭能源的主要来源，这意味着室内空气污染(IAP)是一个严重的健康问题。如果在发生燃烧的地区暴露于IAP最严重，主要是在厨房，IAP将主要影响做饭的妇女和她们监管的儿童。利用2000年至2003年对孟加拉国1638户农村家庭的调查，我们调查了(I)家庭责任分工、家庭结构以及厨房设施的规模和位置对妇女和儿童健康的影响程度，并考虑到家庭内部行为的优化，以及(Ii)家庭是否表现为最佳地分担疾病负担。结果表明，靠近炉灶对妇女及其监管的幼儿的呼吸健康产生不利影响，家庭似乎在其时间分配决定中意识到并试图减轻使用生物质燃料做饭对健康的影响，包括对幼儿的影响，这样健康状况较差的妇女接触的烟雾较多，而有年幼子女的妇女接触污染物较少。然而，我们也发现，由于测量误差，对烟雾吸入影响的传统估计被大大低估。最后，我们的结果表明，通过增加屋顶或墙壁的渗透性来改善通风对健康没有显著影响，这与之前检查点源污染物和健康数据的研究一致。
In many rural areas of low-income countries, biomass fuel is the principal source of household energy, meaning that indoor air pollution (IAP) is a serious health problem. If exposure to IAP is greatest in areas where combustion occurs, primarily the kitchen, IAP will mostly affect the women who cook and the children whom they supervise. Using a 2000-2003 survey of 1638 rural households in Bangladesh, where biomass fuel provides more than 90 percent of household energy, we investigate (i) the extent to which the division of household responsibilities, household structure, and dimensions and location of kitchen facilities causally affect the health of women and children, taking into account optimizing behavior within households, and (ii) whether households act as if they are optimally sharing the burden of a disease. The results suggest that proximity to stoves adversely affects the respiratory health of women and the young children they supervise and that households appear to be aware of and attempt to mitigate the health effects of cooking with biomass fuels in their time allocation decisions, including effects on young children, such that women with lower endowed health have greater exposure to smoke and women with very young children have less exposure to pollutants. We also find, however, that due to measurement error, conventional estimates of the impact of smoke inhalation are underestimated substantially. Finally, our results suggest that improving ventilation by increasing the permeability of roofs or walls has no significant effect on health, consistent with prior studies examining point-source pollutants and health data.
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Gauderman, WJ;Avol, E;Peters, J
通讯作者：
Peters, J