Postnatal ontogeny of the musculo-skeletal system in the Black-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus californicus)
Postnatal ontogeny of the musculo-skeletal system in the Black-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus californicus)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.1983.tb04259.x
复制
发表时间：
2009-08
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
D. Carrier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Carrier
个体发育的23 postcranial骨骼尺寸，第三跖骨和股骨的机械性能，和腓肠肌的等长收缩性能进行了测量，在一个完整的出生后生长系列的高度cursorial野兔加州兔。新生野兔的缺陷是四肢短小，肌肉和骨组织相对较弱，肌肉收缩距离较短。然而，在成长过程中，这些缺陷很快被克服。后肢长和腓肠肌收缩距离均为正异速生长，标度分别为（体质量）0.39和（体质量）0.41。腓肠肌杠杆系统的机械优势经历负异速生长（a（体重）-0统计12），使幼兔在其关节周围具有更大的优势。这与腓肠肌收缩力的初始正异速生长（α（体重）1·23）和随后的收缩力的负异速生长（α（体重）0·61）相结合，导致青少年比成年人产生相对更大的从脚传递到地面的推进力。此外，跖骨的面积二阶矩在较年轻的动物中相对较大，并且以这样的方式缩放，即在出生后生长的前半期，骨骼的断裂力矩（α（体重）1·50）和腓肠肌施加在骨骼上的力矩（α（体重）1·54）之间保持机械相似性。这些个体发生的变化有助于运动系统的发展，当幼兔只有成年体大小的20%时，它可以有效地逃跑，并且必须独立觅食。个体发育异速生长的兔，种间异速生长的哺乳动物和个体发育异速生长的爬行动物之间的差异，并认为在系统发育的背景下。
The ontogeny of 23 postcranial skeletal dimensions, mechanical properties of the third metatarsal and the femur, and the isometric contractile properties of the gastrocnemius muscle were measured in a complete postnatal growth series of the highly cursorial hare Lepus californicus. Newborn hares are handicapped by short limbs, relatively weak muscles and bone tissue, and shorter muscular contractile distances. However, during growth these deficiencies are rapidly overcome. Hind limb length and gastrocnemius contractile distance undergo positive allometry, scaling as (body mass)0·39 and (body mass)0·41, respectively. The mechanical advantage of the gastrocnemius lever system experiences negative allometry (a(body mass)-0·12), giving young hares larger advantage around their joints. This, combined with initial positive allometry of gastrocnemius contractile force (α(body mass) 1·23) and subsequent negative allometry of contractile force (α(body mass)0·61), results in the production of relatively greater propulsive forces transmitted from the foot to the ground in juveniles than in adults. In addition, the second moment of area of the metatarsal is relatively large in younger animals, and scales in such a way that during the first half of postnatal growth mechanical similarity is maintained between the breaking moment of the bone (α(body mass)1·50) and the moment imposed on the bone by the gastrocnemius (a(body mass)l·54). These ontogenetic changes contribute to the development of a locomotor system which is effective at escape by the time the young hare is only 20% of adult body size, and must forage independently. Differences between the ontogenetic allometry of Lepus, the interspecific allometry of mammals and the ontogenetic allometry of reptiles are noted and considered in a phylogenetic context.