The leech nervous system: a valuable model to study the microglia involvement in regenerative processes.
The leech nervous system: a valuable model to study the microglia involvement in regenerative processes.
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DOI：
10.1155/2013/274019
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lefebvre C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Le Marrec-Croq F;Drago F;Vizioli J;Sautière PE;Lefebvre C
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统（CNS）的固有成分。在哺乳动物的病理过程中，炎症过程涉及常驻小胶质细胞和包括巨噬细胞在内的血细胞的浸润。小胶质细胞的功能似乎是复杂的，因为它们在体内和体外神经病理条件下表现出神经保护和神经毒性作用。药用水蛭水蛭是一个著名的模型，在神经生物学，由于它的能力，自然修复其中枢神经系统损伤后。考虑到在这个过程中血细胞的低浸润，水蛭CNS的研究，以指定只有居民小胶质细胞的激活机制。已知小胶质细胞的募集对于受损轴突的正常发芽是必不可少的，并且不需要任何其他胶质细胞。本综述将描述的问题是解决，以了解神经修复。他们将讨论水蛭因子在小胶质细胞积累中的意义，产生这些分子的神经细胞的鉴定，以及不同小胶质细胞亚群的研究。这些问题旨在更好地理解小胶质细胞募集及其与受损神经元相互作用的机制。这个对话的研究是必要的，以阐明炎症的平衡，导致水蛭中枢神经系统修复。
Microglia are intrinsic components of the central nervous system (CNS). During pathologies in mammals, inflammatory processes implicate the resident microglia and the infiltration of blood cells including macrophages. Functions of microglia appear to be complex as they exhibit both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects during neuropathological conditions in vivo and in vitro. The medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis is a well-known model in neurobiology due to its ability to naturally repair its CNS following injury. Considering the low infiltration of blood cells in this process, the leech CNS is studied to specify the activation mechanisms of only resident microglial cells. The microglia recruitment is known to be essential for the usual sprouting of injured axons and does not require any other glial cells. The present review will describe the questions which are addressed to understand the nerve repair. They will discuss the implication of leech factors in the microglial accumulation, the identification of nerve cells producing these molecules, and the study of different microglial subsets. Those questions aim to better understand the mechanisms of microglial cell recruitment and their crosstalk with damaged neurons. The study of this dialog is necessary to elucidate the balance of the inflammation leading to the leech CNS repair.