Flat-detector computed tomography (FD-CT)
Flat-detector computed tomography (FD-CT)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00330-007-0651-9
复制
发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Kyriakou, Yiannis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kalender, Willi A.;Kyriakou, Yiannis
平板探测器或同义的平面探测器 (FD) 已开发用于放射线照相和透视检查，其明确目标是通过先进的传感器系统取代标准 X 射线胶片、胶片屏幕组合和图像增强器。与 X 射线胶片和图像增强器相比，FD 技术提供更高的动态范围、减少剂量、快速数字读出以及动态采集图像系列的可能性，同时保持紧凑的设计。对于计算机断层扫描 (CT) 成像也采用 FD 设计似乎是合乎逻辑的。各自的努力可以追溯到几年前，但 FD-CT 同时已被广泛接受用于使用 C 形臂系统进行介入和术中成像。 FD-CT 提供了一种将二维 (2D) 射线照相或荧光透视与 3D CT 成像相结合的非常有效的方法。此外，FD 技术还应用于许多专用 CT 扫描仪的开发中，例如用于颌面部区域或微型 CT 应用的扫描仪。本综述重点关注 FD 技术及其在 CT 成像方面的全方位应用的技术和性能问题。与标准临床 CT 的比较是主要兴趣。结果表明，FD-CT 提供了更高的空间分辨率，但也存在一些缺点，例如剂量效率较低、视场较小和时间分辨率较低。 FD-CT 的目的并不是要挑战标准临床 CT 的典型诊断检查；但它已经被证明对于许多专用 CT 应用来说是独一无二的，提供了明显的实际优势，最重要的是可以在介入室或手术室中进行即时 CT 成像。
Flat-panel detectors or, synonymously, flat detectors (FDs) have been developed for use in radiography and fluoroscopy with the defined goal to replace standard X-ray film, film-screen combinations and image intensifiers by an advanced sensor system. FD technology in comparison to X-ray film and image intensifiers offers higher dynamic range, dose reduction, fast digital readout and the possibility for dynamic acquisitions of image series, yet keeping to a compact design. It appeared logical to employ FD designs also for computed tomography (CT) imaging. Respective efforts date back a few years only, but FD-CT has meanwhile become widely accepted for interventional and intra-operative imaging using C-arm systems. FD-CT provides a very efficient way of combining two-dimensional (2D) radiographic or fluoroscopic and 3D CT imaging. In addition, FD technology made its way into a number of dedicated CT scanner developments, such as scanners for the maxillo-facial region or for micro-CT applications. This review focuses on technical and performance issues of FD technology and its full range of applications for CT imaging. A comparison with standard clinical CT is of primary interest. It reveals that FD-CT provides higher spatial resolution, but encompasses a number of disadvantages, such as lower dose efficiency, smaller field of view and lower temporal resolution. FD-CT is not aimed at challenging standard clinical CT as regards to the typical diagnostic examinations; but it has already proven unique for a number of dedicated CT applications, offering distinct practical advantages, above all the availability of immediate CT imaging in the interventional suite or the operating room.