The Future of Social Movement Organizations
The Future of Social Movement Organizations
复制标题
社会运动组织的未来
DOI：
10.1177/0002764214540507
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
J. Earl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Earl
本文考察了社会运动组织(SMO)在互联网激进主义中的作用。虽然SMO在网上促成的线下抗议中可能仍然发挥着至关重要的作用，但我认为SMO不一定会为在线参与或整个运动在网上组织的抗议形式提供强劲的投资回报。具体地说，我认为SMO在线下社会运动中的几个关键功能并不适用于在线，这使得SMO在在线参与和/或组织方面不那么必要。然而，SMO可能不再是在线抗议的先决条件，这并不意味着它们已经灭绝，原因有几个。首先，非工具性动机可能推动SMO的形成和维持。其次，其他情况仍然存在，例如利用互联网为线下抗议提供便利，在这种情况下，SMO仍有可能提供可观的投资回报。第三，SMO对健康的运动生态可能很重要，这样，缺乏SMO的整个社会运动可能比至少有一些SMO活跃的运动运行得不那么理想。最后，我主张对SMO缺席的环境以及SMO在互联网激进主义方面的投资替代回报进行更多研究。
This article examines the role of social movement organizations (SMOs) in Internet activism. While SMOs may still play a vital role in offline protest that is facilitated online, I argue that SMOs do not necessarily offer strong returns on investment for forms of protest in which participation occurs online or in which entire movements are organized online. Specifically, I argue that several critical functions for SMOs in offline social movements are not as applicable online, rendering SMOs less necessary for online participation and/or organizing. However, that SMOs may no longer be prerequisites for online protest does not imply their extinction for several reasons. First, noninstrumental motives may drive SMO formation and maintenance. Second, other situations remain, such as facilitating offline protest using the Internet, in which SMOs are still likely to provide significant returns on investment. Third, SMOs may be important to healthy movement ecologies such that entire social movements that are devoid of SMOs may operate less optimally than movements in which at least some SMOs are active. I close by arguing for increased research on settings where SMOs are absent and on alternative returns on investments for SMOs in Internet activism.