Discharge height of lightning narrow bipolar events
Discharge height of lightning narrow bipolar events
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闪电窄双极事件的放电高度
DOI：
10.1029/2011jd017054
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发表时间：
2012-03
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yijun Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ting Wu;Wansheng Dong;Yijun Zhang
利用窄双极事件直接波信号与电离层反射对之间的时间延迟，计算了广州和重庆地区观测到的数千个窄双极事件的放电高度。结果表明，8 ~ 16 km为正极，16 ~ 19 km为负极。很少有负北北体在19公里以上或14公里以下。由此推断，云顶主负电荷层与上部正电荷层之间产生正的nbe，上部正电荷层与上部屏蔽电荷层之间产生负的nbe。分析了两次雷暴中NBE放电高度的变化。nbe似乎可以在相应电荷层之间的任何位置产生。通常，当负面负面经济行为同时发生时，正面经济行为会更高。在单次雷暴的短时间内，观测到负北向东电总是出现在比正北向东电更高的高度，这表明正北向东电和负北向东电之间存在分荷层。讨论了以往研究中提到的一些nbe作为云顶向上放电的可能性。在多种证据的支持下，我们认为这种可能性很低；相反，NBEs是在强烈的对流涌流中产生的，这些对流涌流发展到与NBEs的放电高度相当的高度。分析了广州和重庆的高度分布差异，并提出了一个假设，即只有在一定高度以上才会产生正的NBEs和负的NBEs。讨论了这一假设与NBE产生机制之间的关系。
Discharge heights of thousands of narrow bipolar events (NBEs) observed in Guangzhou and Chongqing of China are calculated using time delays between the direct wave signals of NBEs and their ionospheric reflection pairs. The result shows that most positive NBEs occur between 8 and 16 km while most negative NBEs occur between 16 and 19 km. Very few negative NBEs are above 19 km or below 14 km. It is inferred that positive NBEs are produced between main negative charge layer and upper positive charge layer while negative NBEs are produced between upper positive charge layer and negative screening charge layer at the cloud top. Variations of NBE discharge heights in two thunderstorms are analyzed. It seems that NBEs can be produced at any position between corresponding charge layers. Positive NBEs are generally higher in the periods when negative NBEs are also occurring. For a given short time period in a single thunderstorm, negative NBEs are always observed to occur at a higher altitude than positive NBEs, indicating a dividing charge layer between positive NBEs and negative NBEs. The possibility of some NBEs as upward discharges from cloud tops mentioned by previous studies is discussed. Supported by multiple evidences, we believe such possibility is very low; instead, NBEs are produced in vigorous convective surges that develop to the height comparable to the discharge height of NBEs. Differences in height distributions in Guangzhou and Chongqing are analyzed and a hypothesis is put forward that both positive NBEs and negative NBEs can only be produced above certain height. The relationship between this hypothesis and the mechanism for NBE production is discussed.
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DOI：
10.1049/pi-3.1951.0043
发表时间：
1951-05
期刊：
Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Bracewell;K. G. Budden;J. Ratcliffe;T. Straker;K. Weekes
通讯作者：
R. Bracewell;K. G. Budden;J. Ratcliffe;T. Straker;K. Weekes
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Pasko, VP;Stanley, MA;Wood, TG
通讯作者：
Wood, TG
影响因子：
--
作者：
T. Ushio;S. Heckman;D. Boccippio;H. Christian;Z. Kawasaki
通讯作者：
T. Ushio;S. Heckman;D. Boccippio;H. Christian;Z. Kawasaki
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Stolzenburg;W. D. Rust;T. Marshall
通讯作者：
M. Stolzenburg;W. D. Rust;T. Marshall
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
E. Wescott;D. Sentman;D. Osborne;D. Hampton;M. Heavner
通讯作者：
E. Wescott;D. Sentman;D. Osborne;D. Hampton;M. Heavner