2D and 3D visualizations of archosaur jaw muscle mechanics, ontogeny and phylogeny using ternary diagrams and 3D modeling
2D and 3D visualizations of archosaur jaw muscle mechanics, ontogeny and phylogeny using ternary diagrams and 3D modeling
复制标题
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.243216
复制
发表时间：
2022-03-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Holliday, Casey M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cost, Ian N.;Sellers, Kaleb C.;Holliday, Casey M.
比较行为、发育和系统发育过程中的行为和运动学模式，对于理解复杂的肌肉骨骼系统的进化至关重要，比如喂养装置。然而，在整个摄食周期、个体发育途径或系统发育谱系中传递肌肉取向的三维空间数据对于理解脊椎动物头骨的功能和进化是必不可少的。在这里，我们详细说明如何使用三元曲线图来显示和比较肌肉数据的3D方向。首先，我们说明了美国扬子鳄(扬子鳄)在闭嘴分类过程中3D颌肌结果的变化。其次，我们展示了一系列个体发育的鳄鱼颌肌的3D肌肉结果的变化。第三，我们比较了鸟类系恐龙，包括现存的(骆驼、鸡、鹦鹉)和灭绝的(暴龙)物种的颌部肌肉的3D结果，以概述现代鸟类沿线发生的颌部肌肉的重组。最后，我们比较了我们样本中坚硬咬人物种(密西西比亚目、霸王龙、石龙亚目)颌部肌肉的3D结果，以说明不同的颌部肌肉结果如何用于始祖龙的收敛行为。我们的发现表明，这些颌骨肌肉的3D组件的可视化对于识别颅骨表现、生长和多样性的模式有极大的帮助。这些工具将被证明对检验功能形态学、比较生物力学、生态地形学和生物进化中的其他假说很有用。
Comparing patterns of performance and kinematics across behavior, development and phylogeny is crucial to understand the evolution of complex musculoskeletal systems such as the feeding apparatus. However, conveying 3D spatial data of muscle orientation throughout a feeding cycle, ontogenetic pathway or phylogenetic lineage is essential to understanding the function and evolution of the skull in vertebrates. Here, we detail the use of ternary plots for displaying and comparing the 3D orientation of muscle data. First, we illustrate changes in 3D jaw muscle resultants during jaw closing taxa the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Second, we show changes in 3D muscle resultants of jaw muscles across an ontogenetic series of alligators. Third, we compare 3D resultants of jaw muscles of avian-line dinosaurs, including extant (Struthio camelus, Gallus gallus, Psittacus erithacus) and extinct (Tyrannosaurus rex) species to outline the reorganization of jaw muscles that occurred along the line to modern birds. Finally, we compare 3D resultants of jaw muscles of the hard-biting species in our sample (A. mississippiensis, T. rex, P. erithacus) to illustrate how disparate jaw muscle resultants are employed in convergent behaviors in archosaurs. Our findings show that these visualizations of 3D components of jaw muscles are immensely helpful towards identifying patterns of cranial performance, growth and diversity. These tools will prove useful for testing other hypotheses in functional morphology, comparative biomechanics, ecomorphology and organismal evolution.