Effects of control and predictability on the physical and psychological well-being of the institutionalized aged.
Effects of control and predictability on the physical and psychological well-being of the institutionalized aged.
复制标题
控制和可预测性对机构老年人身心健康的影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1976
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Richard Schulz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Richard Schulz
据推测，在老年人中经常观察到的一些特征--如抑郁和无助的感觉，以及身体加速衰退--至少部分归因于失去控制。在现场实验中，机构老年人被随机分配到四种条件中的一种，以评估增加控制性和可预测性对老年人身心健康的影响。大学生在不同的偶然性条件下走访了四种情况中的三种情况，而第四种情况的人没有被走访，并作为基线对照组。在控制条件下，受试者可以决定他们接受访问的频率和持续时间。第二组受试者(预测)被告知他们何时被访问以及来访者将停留多长时间，但无法控制这些细节。第三组(随机)按随机计划进行访问。研究发现，可预测和可控制的积极事件对机构老年人的幸福感具有强大的积极影响。
It was hypothesized that some of the characteristics frequently observed among the aged--such as feelings of depression and helphlessness, as well as accelerated physical decline--are at least in part attributable to loss of control. A field experiment in which institutionalized aged were randomly assigned to one of four conditions was carried out to assess the effects of increased control and predictability upon the physical and psychological well-being of the aged. Individuals in three of the four conditions were visited by college undergraduates under varying contingencies, while persons in the fourth condition were not visited and served as a baseline comparison group. Subjects in the control condition could determine both the frequency and duration of visits they recieved. A second group of subjects (predict) was informed when they would be visited and how long the visitor would stay, but had no control over these details. A third group (random) was visited on a random schedule. It was found that predictable and controllable positive events have a powerful positive impact upon the well-being of the institutionalized aged.