Chloroplast signaling within, between and beyond cells.
Chloroplast signaling within, between and beyond cells.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2015.00781
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Burch-Smith TM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bobik K;Burch-Smith TM
质体最显著的功能是叶绿体的产氧光合作用，而质体是产生大量化合物的超级工厂，这些化合物是植物正常生理和发育所不可或缺的。由于它们起源于自由生活的原核生物，质体拥有自己的基因组并不奇怪，这些基因组的表达对质体功能至关重要。质体的这种半自主特性需要复杂的调节机制的存在，这些机制在质体和其他细胞区室之间提供可靠的通信。这种细胞内信号传导对于协调全细胞对不断变化的环境线索和细胞代谢需求的反应是必要的。这是通过质体作为特定信号的接收器和发射器来实现的，所述特定信号根据特定需要协调核和质体基因组的表达。在这篇综述中，我们将考虑所谓的逆行信号发生在质体和细胞核之间，质体和其他细胞器之间。我们将讨论的质体的另一个重要作用是质体信号在生物和非生物胁迫的参与，除了影响逆行信号，有几个细胞室，包括细胞壁的直接影响。我们还将审查最近的证据，指出一个有趣的功能，叶绿体在调节细胞间共质运输。最后，我们考虑了植物生物学中一个有趣但鲜为人知的方面，即从整个植物的角度来看叶绿体信号传导。因此，越来越多的证据表明，叶绿体，其复杂的信号转导途径，提供了一种机制，精细调节植物的发育，代谢和对环境的反应。由于叶绿体过程是针对提高生产率的工程改造，因此必须仔细考虑此类修饰对叶绿体信号传导的影响，以避免对植物生长和发育产生意想不到的后果。
The most conspicuous function of plastids is the oxygenic photosynthesis of chloroplasts, yet plastids are super-factories that produce a plethora of compounds that are indispensable for proper plant physiology and development. Given their origins as free-living prokaryotes, it is not surprising that plastids possess their own genomes whose expression is essential to plastid function. This semi-autonomous character of plastids requires the existence of sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that provide reliable communication between them and other cellular compartments. Such intracellular signaling is necessary for coordinating whole-cell responses to constantly varying environmental cues and cellular metabolic needs. This is achieved by plastids acting as receivers and transmitters of specific signals that coordinate expression of the nuclear and plastid genomes according to particular needs. In this review we will consider the so-called retrograde signaling occurring between plastids and nuclei, and between plastids and other organelles. Another important role of the plastid we will discuss is the involvement of plastid signaling in biotic and abiotic stress that, in addition to influencing retrograde signaling, has direct effects on several cellular compartments including the cell wall. We will also review recent evidence pointing to an intriguing function of chloroplasts in regulating intercellular symplasmic transport. Finally, we consider an intriguing yet less widely known aspect of plant biology, chloroplast signaling from the perspective of the entire plant. Thus, accumulating evidence highlights that chloroplasts, with their complex signaling pathways, provide a mechanism for exquisite regulation of plant development, metabolism and responses to the environment. As chloroplast processes are targeted for engineering for improved productivity the effect of such modifications on chloroplast signaling will have to be carefully considered in order to avoid unintended consequences on plant growth and development.