Emerging role of exosomes in allorecognition and allograft rejection.
Emerging role of exosomes in allorecognition and allograft rejection.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1097/mot.0000000000000489
复制
发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Benichou G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gonzalez-Nolasco B;Wang M;Prunevieille A;Benichou G
本文回顾了最近有关同种异体移植物释放的细胞外囊泡性质的文献，并研究了它们在涉及这些移植物排斥和耐受的T细胞同种免疫中的作用。在同种异体器官和组织移植后，供体细胞释放细胞外囊泡，包括外来体。因此，受体APC摄取这些外泌体并在其表面上呈递供体MHC抗原（allo-MHC交叉敷料），从而通过称为同种异体识别的半直接途径的机制激活一些同种异体反应性T细胞。此外，一项研究表明，携带非遗传性母体抗原的外泌体与后代的母体微嵌合体和耐受性相关。最后，一些研究描述了外来体作为同种异体移植中的同种异体免疫调节剂和排斥反应生物标志物的潜在用途。同种异体移植物释放的细胞外囊泡（包括外泌体）有助于同种异体移植后T细胞识别供体抗原。这是通过受体APC与供体MHC抗原的交叉敷料和随后的T细胞活化而发生的，这一过程称为半直接同种异体反应性。这一现象的相关性在排斥反应和耐受性的同种异体移植和潜在的利用外泌体作为生物标志物在移植进行了讨论。
This article reviews recent literature on the nature of extracellular vesicles released by allogeneic transplants and examine their role in T-cell alloimmunity involved in rejection and tolerance of these grafts. Donor cells release extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, after transplantation of allogeneic organs and tissues. Consequently, recipient APCs take up these exosomes and present donor MHC antigens on their surface (allo-MHC cross-dressing) thus, activating some alloreactive T cells via a mechanism called semi-direct pathway of allorecognition. In addition, one study shows that exosomes carrying noninherited maternal antigens are associated with maternal microchimerism and tolerance in offspring. Finally, a few studies describe potential utilization of exosomes as modulators of alloimmunity and biomarkers of rejection in allotransplantation. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, released by allografts contribute to recognition of donor antigens by T cells after allotransplantation. This occurs through cross-dressing of recipient APCs with donor MHC antigens and subsequent activation of T cells, a process called semi-direct alloreactivity. The relevance of this phenomenon in rejection and tolerance of allografts and the potential utilization of exosomes as biomarkers in transplantation are discussed.