Invariant quantities in shear flow.
Invariant quantities in shear flow.
复制标题
剪切流中的不变量。
DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.101.240601
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
R. Evans
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Baule;R. Evans
脱离热平衡的系统动力学通常根据具体情况进行处理，而不了解基本和普遍原理。我们针对一类驱动稳态来解决这个问题，即在边界处机械驱动的稳态，例如剪切下的复杂流体。从非平衡对应物到详细平衡（NCDB），我们得出一组非常简单的不变量，这些量在系统驱动时保持不变。这些新的非平衡关系在远离平衡的情况下都是精确且有效的。此外，它们还可以系统地计算具有任意连接状态空间的驱动系统中的转换率。
The dynamics of systems out of thermal equilibrium is usually treated on a case-by-case basis without knowledge of fundamental and universal principles. We address this problem for a class of driven steady states, namely, those mechanically driven at the boundaries such as complex fluids under shear. From a nonequilibrium counterpart to detailed balance (NCDB) we derive a remarkably simple set of invariant quantities which remain unchanged when the system is driven. These new nonequilibrium relations are both exact and valid arbitrarily far from equilibrium. Furthermore, they enable the systematic calculation of transition rates in driven systems with state spaces of arbitrary connectivity.