Taxation and Housing: Old Questions, New Answers
Taxation and Housing: Old Questions, New Answers
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税收和住房：老问题，新答案
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Poterba
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Poterba
本文概述了20世纪80年代的税收改革如何影响与住房市场税收政策相关的激励和扭曲。有三个主要结论。(1)边际税率的降低，特别是对高收入家庭的边际税率的降低，减少了由税收引起的业主自住住房使用成本的扭曲。这降低了与住房拥有优惠税收待遇相关的无谓损失。(2)1986年《税收改革法》（TRA86）中标准扣除额的增加将数百万以前逐项列出的中等收入房主从逐项列出者的行列中剔除。对于这些家庭，TRA86提高了自有住房的边际成本。这些变化也加剧了抵押贷款利息补贴的递减性质。1988年，超过一半的与抵押贷款利息扣除相关的税收损失是由8%的最高经济收入纳税人承担的。(3)TRA86减少了租赁住房投资的激励措施，导致新的多户住房开工从1985年的每年50万套下降到1991年的不到15万套。从长远来看，这些政策将导致租金上涨。
This paper sketches how the tax reforms of the 1980s affected the incentives and distortions associated with tax policy toward housing markets. There are three principal conclusions. (1) Reductions in marginal tax rates, particularly for high-income households, reduced the tax-induced distortion in the user cost of owner-occupied housing. This lowered the deadweight losses associated with the favorable tax treatment of homeownership. (2) The increase in the standard deduction in the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86) removed several million middle-income homeowners who previously itemized from the ranks of itemizers. For these households TRA86 raised the marginal cost of owner-occupied housing. These changes also exacerbated the regressive nature of the mortgage interest subsidy. In 1988, more than half of the tax losses associated with mortgage interest deductions accrued to the 8% of taxpayers with the highest economic incomes. (3) TRA86 reduced incentives for rental housing investment, contributing to the decline in new multifamily housing starts from 500,000 per year in 1985 to less than 150,000 in 1991. In the long-run these policies will lead to higher rents.