Expression of the sulfhydryl oxidase ALR (Augmenter of Liver Regeneration) in adult rat brain
Expression of the sulfhydryl oxidase ALR (Augmenter of Liver Regeneration) in adult rat brain
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2005.04.050
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发表时间：
2005-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
A. Tury;G. Mairet‐Coello;T. Lisowsky;B. Griffond;D. Fellmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Tury;G. Mairet‐Coello;T. Lisowsky;B. Griffond;D. Fellmann
哺乳动物肝再生增强因子(ALR)首次被鉴定为参与肝再生的第二生长因子。它的巯基氧化酶活性和参与铁的动态平衡是最近被证明的。ALR在广泛的外周器官中表达，初步实验也证明了这种蛋白在大脑中的存在。在本研究中，我们详细研究了ALR在大鼠脑切片中的表达，并利用生物分子和免疫组织化学方法确定了其细胞和亚细胞定位。Northern印迹分析表明，ALR在大鼠脑内均有差异表达，其中小脑和间脑的表达水平最高。Western印迹检测到大脑和小脑中也有高水平的蛋白质。ALR免疫反应阳性神经元和神经胶质细胞分布于整个脑吻尾侧。标记的星形胶质细胞在白质中尤其丰富，在嗅球、等皮质、海马结构、杏仁核、丘脑、下丘脑、脑干和小脑的一些核中可见免疫反应阳性神经元。在神经元中，免疫电子显微镜显示蛋白质位于细胞核中，主要位于线粒体中。这些亚细胞定位可能与脑内两种ALR蛋白亚型的出现有关。在中枢神经系统中，该酶可能在重金属动态平衡中起重要作用，重金属动态平衡的失调会导致神经退行性疾病。
Mammalian Augmenter of Liver Regeneration protein (ALR) was first identified as a secondary growth factor involved in liver regeneration. Its sulfhydryl oxidase activity and involvement in iron homeostasis have been recently demonstrated. ALR is expressed in a broad range of peripheral organs, and initial experiments gave also evidence for the occurrence of this protein in brain. In the present study, we investigated in detail the expression of ALR in rat brain sections and determined its cellular and subcellular localizations using biomolecular and immunohistochemical procedures. As shown by Northern blot, ALR is differentially expressed throughout the rat brain, with the highest mRNA levels in the cerebellum and diencephalon. High protein levels were also detected in the brain and cerebellum by Western blot. ALR immunoreactivity was found in neurons and glial cells throughout brain rostrocaudal extent. Labeled astrocytes were particularly abundant in the white matter, and immunoreactive neurons were observed in several regions including the olfactory bulb, isocortex, hippocampal formation, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, some nuclei of the brainstem and cerebellum. In neurons, immunoelectron microscopy showed the protein in the nucleus and mainly in mitochondria. These subcellular localizations may correlate with the occurrence of two ALR protein isoforms in the brain. In the central nervous system, the enzyme might be of importance in heavy metal homeostasis whose dysregulation can induce neurodegenerative disorders.