The Enteric Network: Interactions between the Immune and Nervous Systems of the Gut.
The Enteric Network: Interactions between the Immune and Nervous Systems of the Gut.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.immuni.2017.05.011
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发表时间：
2017-06-20
期刊：
影响因子：
32.4
通讯作者：
Mazmanian SK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yoo BB;Mazmanian SK
神经系统和免疫系统之间的相互作用使肠道能够对吸收的各种膳食产品、遇到的广谱病原体以及所含的各种微生物群做出反应。肠道神经系统（ENS）通过将来自环境的化学信号转化为神经冲动，并将其传播到整个肠道，并传播到包括中枢神经系统（CNS）在内的身体其他器官，从而感知胃肠道（GI）的动态生态系统并对其做出反应。本文将介绍目前对胃肠道解剖学和生理学的理解，重点是ENS和粘膜免疫系统。我们强调新兴的文献，ENS是必不可少的微生物诱导的免疫反应在肠道的重要方面。虽然神经科学的大多数基础和应用研究都集中在大脑上，但ENS与免疫系统的接近及其与外部环境的接口表明，神经系统功能的新范式有待发现。继20世纪80年代和90年代的初步发现之后，神经免疫学在科学文献中出现了重生。随着对胃肠道知识的扩展，包括其神经元，免疫学和微生物成分，在这篇综述中，Mazmanian和Yoo提供了关于粘膜神经免疫学的新观点和假设。
Interactions between the nervous and immune systems enable the gut to respond to the variety of dietary products that it absorbs, the broad spectrum of pathogens that it encounters, and the diverse microbiome that it harbors. The enteric nervous system (ENS) senses and reacts to the dynamic ecosystem of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by translating chemical cues from the environment into neuronal impulses that propagate throughout the gut, and into other organs in the body including the central nervous system (CNS). This review will describe the current understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the GI tract, focusing on the ENS and the mucosal immune system. We highlight emerging literature that the ENS is essential for important aspects of microbe-induced immune responses in the gut. While most basic and applied research in neuroscience has focused on the brain, the proximity of the ENS to the immune system and its interface with the external environment suggest that novel paradigms for nervous system function await discovery. Following its initial discoveries in the 1980s and 1990s, a rebirth in neuro-immunology is emerging in the scientific literature. As knowledge of the gastrointestinal tract expands, including its neuronal, immunological, and microbial constituents, in this review, Mazmanian and Yoo provide new perspectives and hypotheses regarding mucosal neuro-immunology.