The Roles of Education in Expenditure Inequality in Bhutan: An Analysis in an Urban-Rural Context
The Roles of Education in Expenditure Inequality in Bhutan: An Analysis in an Urban-Rural Context
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教育在不丹支出不平等中的作用：城乡背景下的分析
DOI：
10.1007/s41685-019-00105-y
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
and T. Akita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lethro;Dorji;and T. Akita
基于2007年和2012年不丹生活水平调查，本研究分析了教育在不丹城乡支出不平等中的作用。南盟国家之间的支出不平等程度很高。由于城乡差距不大，支出不平等的主要原因是城乡地区，特别是城市地区内部的不平等。因此，除非减少城乡地区的不平等，否则总体支出不平等不会减少。高等教育的扩大似乎增加了受过高等教育的家庭之间的支出不平等，特别是在城市地区。再加上教育群体之间支出差距的扩大，这加剧了总体支出不平等。在农村地区，政府需要促进基础教育，同时发展基本的基础设施，创造城市机会，以减少农村向城市的移徙。在城市地区，政府需要加强工业基础设施，促进劳动密集型制造业活动，以创造就业机会。
Based on the 2007 and 2012 Bhutan living standard survey, this study analyzes the roles of education in expenditure inequality in Bhutan in an urban–rural context. Expenditure inequality is high among SAARC countries. Since urban–rural disparity is not large, much of expenditure inequality is due to inequalities within urban and rural areas, particularly within urban areas. Unless inequalities within urban and rural areas are reduced, therefore, overall expenditure inequality would not decrease. The expansion of higher education seems to have increased expenditure inequality among households with higher education, particularly in urban areas. Together with a rise in expenditure disparity among educational groups, this has raised overall expenditure inequality. In rural areas, the government needs to promote basic education, while developing basic infrastructures and creating urban opportunities to mitigate rural–urban migration. In urban areas, the government needs to strengthen industrial infrastructure and promote labor-intensive manufacturing activities to generate employment opportunities.