Understanding the Influence of Urban Form on the Spatial Pattern of Precipitation

Understanding the Influence of Urban Form on the Spatial Pattern of Precipitation
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了解城市形态对降水空间格局的影响

DOI:
10.1029/2023ef003846
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发表时间:
2024
期刊:
Earth's Future
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Li, Qi
Li, Qi
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lu, Yanle;Yu, Zhou;Albertson, John D.;Chen, Haonan;Hu, Leiqiu;Pendergrass, Angeline;Chen, Xiaodong;Li, Qi

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众所周知,城市地区可以改变降水气候学的空间格局。现有的观测证据表明,降水可以在城市的下风处增强。在提出的机制中,城市低层大气的热力和空气动力过程与气象条件相互作用,在决定降水模式中发挥关键作用。此外,这些过程还受到城市形态的影响,如不透水地表的范围。本研究旨在揭示不同城市形态在不同气象条件下对降水气候学空间格局的影响。我们使用Multi - Radar Multi - Sensor定量降水估计数据产品,分析了2015-2021年夏季美国大陆27个城市的逐时降水图。结果表明,约80%的城市表现出显著的顺风降水增强。此外,在较高风速下,降水模式在空间上更倾向于聚集;径向降水极大值在低背景风条件下位于市中心附近,在大风条件下向下风方向移动。下风降水增强强度与风向高度相关,与城市规模在南、西南、西方向呈正相关。本研究通过跨城市分析提供了观测证据,表明城市降水模式可以受到大气过程的城市改造的影响,从而深入了解未来城市土地利用变化与水文气候之间的机制联系。
Urban areas are known to modify the spatial pattern of precipitation climatology. Existing observational evidence suggests that precipitation can be enhanced downwind of a city. Among the proposed mechanisms, the thermodynamic and aerodynamic processes in the urban lower atmosphere interact with the meteorological conditions and can play a key role in determining the resulting precipitation patterns. In addition, these processes are influenced by urban form, such as the impervious surface extent. This study aims to unravel how different urban forms impact the spatial patterns of precipitation climatology under different meteorological conditions. We use the Multi‐Radar Multi‐Sensor quantitative precipitation estimation data products and analyze the hourly precipitation maps for 27 selected cities across the continental United States from the years 2015–2021 summer months. Results show that about 80% of the studied cities exhibit a statistically significant downwind enhancement of precipitation. Additionally, we find that the precipitation pattern tends to be more spatially clustered in intensity under higher wind speed; the location of radial precipitation maxima is located closer to the city center under low background winds but shifts downwind under high wind conditions. The magnitude of downwind precipitation enhancement is highly dependent on wind directions and is positively correlated with the city size for the south, southwest, and west directions. This study presents observational evidence through a cross‐city analysis that the urban precipitation pattern can be influenced by the urban modification of atmospheric processes, providing insight into the mechanistic link between future urban land‐use change and hydroclimates.
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