Family Beliefs and Behaviors About Smoking and Young Children's Secondhand Smoke Exposure.
Family Beliefs and Behaviors About Smoking and Young Children's Secondhand Smoke Exposure.
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关于吸烟和幼儿二手烟暴露的家庭信念和行为。
DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntu250
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Eakin,MichelleN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hilliard,MarisaE;Riekert,KristinA;Hovell,MelbourneF;Rand,CynthiaS;Welkom,JosieS;Eakin,MichelleN
家庭禁烟令（HSBs）减少了儿童的二手烟暴露（SHSe），这是健康差异的一个因素。一般心理社会特征和家庭中的SHSe信念和行为可能与HSB的存在有关。本研究的目的是确定一般的社会心理特征和SHSe的信念与HSB的存在和低SHSe的儿童生活在一个smoker.MethodsCaregivers（n= 269）的头开始学龄前学生（年龄1-6岁）与吸烟者报告HSB，照顾者抑郁症状和压力，家庭常规，SHSe的信念，和家庭吸烟的特点。SHSe生物标志物包括空气中的尼古丁在2个领域的家庭和儿童唾液cotinine. ResultsOne四分之一的家庭报告完整的HSBs，和HSBs更常见的非吸烟（37%）与吸烟的照顾者（21%;P< .01）。不吸烟者（9.7±1.0）与吸烟者（9.1±2.0;p<0.01）之间对HSB重要性的感知存在差异。吸烟的照顾者，更多的吸烟者在家里，自我效能感和意图实施HSB一贯与HSB存在的可能性较低，儿童的较高的SHSe。与一般心理社会因素相比，护理人员的SHSe信念与HSB和SHSe的相关性更一致。结论尽管与吸烟的主要护理人员相比，不吸烟的主要护理人员中HSB的可能性更大，并且对HSB的重要性认识更高，但SHSe降低的自我效能和意图对处于高风险的Head Start学生具有保护作用。儿科医疗保健提供者和早期教育专业人员可能能够支持减少SHSe的努力（例如，戒烟，HSB实施），并减少儿童的SHSe与咨询策略，以解决照顾者的HSB自我效能，意图和相关行为。
IntroductionHome smoking bans (HSBs) reduce children’s secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe), a contributor to health disparities. General psychosocial characteristics and SHSe beliefs and behaviors within the family may relate to HSB existence. This study’s aim was to identify general psychosocial characteristics and SHSe beliefs associated with HSB presence and lower SHSe among children living with a smoker.MethodsCaregivers (n= 269) of Head Start preschool students (age 1–6 years) living with a smoker reported on HSBs, caregiver depressive symptoms and stress, family routines, SHSe beliefs, and household smoking characteristics. SHSe biomarkers included air nicotine in 2 areas of the home and child salivary cotinine.ResultsOne-quarter of families reported complete HSBs, and HSBs were more common among nonsmoking (37%) versus smoking caregivers (21%;p< .01). Perceived importance of HSBs differed between nonsmoking (9.7±1.0) versus smoking caregivers (9.1±2.0;p< .01). Smoking caregivers, more smokers in the home, and lower self-efficacy and intent to implement an HSB were consistently associated with lower likelihood of HSB existence and children’s higher SHSe. Caregiver SHSe beliefs were more consistently associated with HSBs and SHSe than were general psychosocial factors.ConclusionsDespite greater HSB likelihood and higher perceived importance of HSBs among nonsmoking versus smoking primary caregivers, SHSe reduction self-efficacy and intent are protective for Head Start students at high-risk for exposure. Pediatric healthcare providers and early education professionals may be able to support SHSe reduction efforts (e.g., smoking cessation, HSB implementation) and reduce children’s SHSe with counseling strategies to address caregivers’ HSB self-efficacy, intent, and related behaviors.