Epigenetics and genome stability
Epigenetics and genome stability
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DOI：
10.1007/s00335-020-09836-2
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发表时间：
2020-04-15
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Riddle, Nicole C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feng, Justina X.;Riddle, Nicole C.
维持基因组的稳定对生物体的健康和生存至关重要。保护基因组的机制崩溃以及由此导致的基因组不稳定是衰老过程的一个重要方面，并与癌症等疾病有关。因此，在面对诱导DNA损伤的持续挑战时，一个相互连接的通路网络负责确保基因组的完整性。虽然这些途径多种多样，但表观遗传机制在许多途径中起着核心作用。DNA修饰、组蛋白变异和修饰、染色质结构和非编码rna都执行各种功能，以确保维持基因组的稳定性。表观遗传机制确保着丝粒和端粒的功能，这对基因组的稳定至关重要。表观遗传机制也保护基因组免受转座因子的入侵，并有助于各种DNA修复途径。本文综述了表观遗传机制在维持基因组稳定性中的重要作用，并指出了需要进一步研究的问题。
Maintaining genome stability is essential to an organism's health and survival. Breakdown of the mechanisms protecting the genome and the resulting genome instability are an important aspect of the aging process and have been linked to diseases such as cancer. Thus, a large network of interconnected pathways is responsible for ensuring genome integrity in the face of the continuous challenges that induce DNA damage. While these pathways are diverse, epigenetic mechanisms play a central role in many of them. DNA modifications, histone variants and modifications, chromatin structure, and non-coding RNAs all carry out a variety of functions to ensure that genome stability is maintained. Epigenetic mechanisms ensure the functions of centromeres and telomeres that are essential for genome stability. Epigenetic mechanisms also protect the genome from the invasion by transposable elements and contribute to various DNA repair pathways. In this review, we highlight the integral role of epigenetic mechanisms in the maintenance of genome stability and draw attention to issues in need of further study.