Implicit and explicit evaluation: fMRI correlates of valence, emotional intensity, and control in the processing of attitudes
Implicit and explicit evaluation: fMRI correlates of valence, emotional intensity, and control in the processing of attitudes
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DOI：
10.1162/0898929042947919
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Johnson, MK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cunningham, WA;Raye, CL;Johnson, MK
先前的研究表明，外显和内隐评估（好坏）涉及不同的神经回路，这些神经回路处理不同的维度，如效价、情绪强度和复杂性。为了更好地理解这些差异，我们使用功能性磁共振成像来识别大脑区域对这些维度的不同反应，这取决于是否需要明确的评估。参与者对社会相关概念（如“谋杀”、“幸福”、“堕胎”、“福利”）做出好坏判断（可评估性）或抽象具体判断（非明确评估性）。扫描后，参与者根据好、坏、情绪强度以及他们试图控制自己对概念评价的程度对概念进行评分。在这两项任务中，杏仁核的激活与情绪强度相关，右脑岛的激活与效价相关，这表明这些方面的刺激都是由这些区域处理的，而与意图无关。相比之下，对于明确评价好坏的任务，前扣带、额极和眶额叶皮层外侧区域的活动与控制等级相关，而控制等级又与矛盾心理的测量相关。这些结果强调了评估是复杂回路的结果，这些回路根据任务需求而变化。
Previous work suggests that explicit and implicit evaluations (good-bad) involve somewhat different neural circuits that process different dimensions such as valence, emotional intensity, and complexity. To better understand these differences, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify brain regions that respond differentially to such dimensions depending on whether or not an explicit evaluation is required. Participants made either good-bad judgments (evaluative) or abstract-concrete judgments (not explicitly evaluative) about socially relevant concepts (e.g., "murder," "happiness," "abortion," "welfare"). After scanning, participants rated the concepts for goodness, badness, emotional intensity, and how much they tried to control their evaluation of the concept. Amygdala activation correlated with emotional intensity and right insula activation correlated with valence in both tasks, indicating that these aspects of stimuli were processed by these areas regardless of intention. In contrast, for the explicitly evaluative good-bad task only, activity in the anterior cingulate, frontal pole, and lateral areas of the orbital frontal cortex correlated with ratings of control, which in turn were correlated with a measure of ambivalence. These results highlight that evaluations are the consequence of complex circuits that vary depending on task demands.