Anthropogenic heating of the urban environment due to air conditioning
Anthropogenic heating of the urban environment due to air conditioning
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DOI：
10.1002/2013jd021225
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发表时间：
2014-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Francisco Salamanca;M. Georgescu;A. Mahalov;M. Moustaoui;Meng Wang
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文献类型：
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作者：
Francisco Salamanca;M. Georgescu;A. Mahalov;M. Moustaoui;Meng Wang
本文研究了空调系统对气温的影响，并考察了半干旱城市环境下空调系统的用电量。我们模拟了凤凰城大都市区(美国)的10天极端高温时段。将天气研究和预报模型与多层建筑能源方案相结合。对亚利桑那州气象网的10个气象站和国家气象局维护的一个气象站的气温、风速和风向进行了模拟系统的性能评估。我们表明，空调系统废热的显式表示提高了2米的气温与观测值的一致性。空调系统的余热释放在白天最大，但在地表附近的平均影响可以忽略不计。然而，在夜间，空调系统排放的热量使一些城市地区的平均气温上升了2米，超过了1摄氏度。空调系统改变了城市边界层的热分层，促进了夜间的垂直混合。这里研究的人为过程(即，空调系统导致的城市能源消耗过程的明确表示)需要纳入未来的气象和气候调查，以提高天气和气候的可预测性。我们的结果表明，向周围环境释放废热加剧了城市夜间的热岛效应，增加了冷却需求。
This article investigates the effect of air conditioning (AC) systems on air temperature and examines their electricity consumption for a semiarid urban environment. We simulate a 10 day extreme heat period over the Phoenix metropolitan area (U.S.) with the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to a multilayer building energy scheme. The performance of the modeling system is evaluated against 10 Arizona Meteorological Network weather stations and one weather station maintained by the National Weather Service for air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction. We show that explicit representation of waste heat from air conditioning systems improved the 2 m air temperature correspondence to observations. Waste heat release from AC systems was maximum during the day, but the mean effect was negligible near the surface. However, during the night, heat emitted from AC systems increased the mean 2 m air temperature by more than 1°C for some urban locations. The AC systems modified the thermal stratification of the urban boundary layer, promoting vertical mixing during nighttime hours. The anthropogenic processes examined here (i.e., explicit representation of urban energy consumption processes due to AC systems) require incorporation in future meteorological and climate investigations to improve weather and climate predictability. Our results demonstrate that releasing waste heat into the ambient environment exacerbates the nocturnal urban heat island and increases cooling demands.