Safety Evaluation of Chemical Mixtures and Combinations of Chemical and Non-Chemical Stressors
Safety Evaluation of Chemical Mixtures and Combinations of Chemical and Non-Chemical Stressors
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DOI：
10.1515/reveh.2004.19.2.83
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
D. Jonker;A. Freidig;J. Groten;A. de Hollander;R. Stierum;R. Woutersen;V. Feron
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Jonker;A. Freidig;J. Groten;A. de Hollander;R. Stierum;R. Woutersen;V. Feron
综述了化学混合物危害识别和风险评估方面的最新进展。在过去二十年中，研究和描述混合物毒性的经验、描述性方法占主导地位，但越来越多的机械方法已进入混合物毒理学领域。由于从这项工作中获得的重要经验教训，本文详细描述了在大鼠身上进行的一系列简单化学混合物的实证研究。简要讨论了化学混合物毒理学评价法规准则的制定。目前混合物毒理学的问题包括环境空气污染对健康的不利影响；现代复杂方法的应用，如基因组学、生物信息学和基于生理学的药代动力学建模；以及混合物毒性数据库。最后，讨论了我们对化学物质和非化学压力源（噪音、热/冷、微生物、固定化、约束或运输）联合暴露对健康的潜在不利影响的知识现状，这些领域的研究举措，以及多种环境暴露对健康累积影响的指标的发展。
Recent developments in hazard identification and risk assessment of chemical mixtures are reviewed. Empirical, descriptive approaches to study and characterize the toxicity of mixtures have dominated during the past two decades, but an increasing number of mechanistic approaches have made their entry into mixture toxicology. A series of empirical studies with simple chemical mixtures in rats is described in some detail because of the important lessons from this work. The development of regulatory guidelines for the toxicological evaluation of chemical mixtures is discussed briefly. Current issues in mixture toxicology include the adverse health effects of ambient air pollution; the application of such modern, sophisticated methodologies as genomics, bioinformatics, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling; and databases for mixture toxicity. Finally, the state of the art of our knowledge on the potential adverse health effects of combined exposures to chemicals and non-chemical stressors (noise, heat/cold, microorganisms, immobilization, restraint, or transportation), research initiatives in these fields, and the development of an indicator for the cumulative health impact of multiple environmental exposures are discussed.