Determination of temperature variation on lunar surface and subsurface for habitat analysis and design
Determination of temperature variation on lunar surface and subsurface for habitat analysis and design
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DOI：
10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.10.038
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发表时间：
2015-02
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
R. Malla;K. Brown
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Malla;K. Brown
月球表面的环境因素对人类在月球上长期定居的成功构成了一些最困难的挑战。除了危险的辐射水平和超高速微流星体的影响，月球表面的赤道温度可以从102.4 K到387.1 K。这些极端情况造成了各种复杂情况，如热膨胀和收缩，这反过来又会改变结构的静态，动态和频率响应。本文首先介绍了一个位于月球赤道的潜在的栖息地的表面和地下的热/热流环境的分析研究，使用的一般方程，开发的基础上的热力学原理的热流，以确定温度变化/梯度随时间以及深度。这种方法，然后应用，适当的修改，以确定温度随时间的变化，并通过深度的1米厚的月壤屏蔽层周围的月球结构。一般方程的解是通过使用四阶龙格-库塔数值积分技术确定的。分析结果表明，最外层的风化层绒毛具有很强的绝缘能力，导致温度下降132.3 K，从白天的最大幅度387.1 K在第一个30厘米，在这一点上，然后保持不变，随着深度的增加。夜间，最外层30 cm内的温度从最低的102.4 K上升到254.8 K。当考虑一层月壤屏蔽顶部的月球栖息地，从邻近的月球表面的结构增加的辐射输入增加白天的最高表面温度增加到457 K（约70 K高于月球表面温度），并显示在第一个30厘米深的月壤覆盖138 K的下降。夜间最低温度比地表温度高80.3K，达到182.7K，而最外30 cm处的最低温度增加了137.2K。一般来说，在整个月球周期中，观测到在固定的时间点，随着风化层内深度的增加，整个月球周期的温度变化会减小，并且温度最终在一定深度（观测到约30厘米）之外保持不变。这项研究的框架是在考虑月球赤道的栖息地的情况下完成的，也可以在月球的不同地点使用，以研究它们是否适合长期殖民任务。
The ambient environmental factors present on the lunar surface pose some of the most difficult challenges for the success of a long-term human settlement on the Moon. Aside from the dangerous radiation levels and hypervelocity micrometeoroid impacts, the equatorial temperature on the surface of the Moon can range from 102.4 K to 387.1 K. These extremes pose a variety of complications like thermal expansion and contraction, which can, in turn, alter the static, dynamic, and frequency response of a structure. This paper first presents the analytical study of the surface and subsurface thermal/heat flow environments of a potential habitat site located at the Equator of the Moon using a general equation that was developed based on the thermodynamic principle of heat flow to determine the temperature variation/gradient with time as well as depth. This method was then applied, with appropriate modifications, to determine the temperature variation with time and through depth of a 1-m thick regolith shielding layer surrounding a lunar structure. The solution to the general equation was determined through the use of the fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique of numerical integration. The analysis results showed that the outermost layer of regolith fluff has very strong insulating capabilities causing the temperature to drop 132.3 K from the maximum daytime magnitude of 387.1 K within the first 30 cm at which point it then remains constant with increasing depth. At night, the temperature increases from the minimum magnitude of 102.4 K to 254.8 K within the outermost 30 cm. When considering a layer of regolith shielding atop a lunar habitat, the added albedo radiation input from the adjacent lunar surface to the structure increased the maximum daytime surface temperature to 457 K (about 70 K higher than the lunar surface temperature) and displayed a drop of 138 K within the first 30 cm depth of regolith cover. The minimum temperature at night increased 80.3 K over the surface temperature to reach 182.7 K while displaying an increase of 137.2 K through the outermost 30 cm. In general, throughout the lunar cycle, it was observed that at a fixed point in time, as the depth within the regolith increases, the temperature variation throughout the lunar cycle decreases and the temperature ultimately remains constant beyond a certain depth (observed to be approximately 30 cm). The framework of this study, which was completed considering a habitat at the lunar equator, can also be used at different locations of the Moon to study their adequacy for long-term colonization missions.