Ecosystem and Landscape Diversity: Islands as Model Systems
Ecosystem and Landscape Diversity: Islands as Model Systems
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生态系统和景观多样性：岛屿作为模型系统
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-78963-2_7
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Benning
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Vitousek;T. Benning
在本书和其他地方，大多数将生物多样性与生态系统功能联系起来的努力都集中在物种水平的生物多样性上。这是大多数信息可用的地方，也是现代物种入侵和灭绝在岛屿上的流行病最显著地改变了多样性的地方。生物组织的较高和较低水平的生物多样性也会影响生态系统的功能，我们定义为：（相当狭义地）为：一个地区的能量、水和元素的通量;陆地生态系统与大气或水生系统之间的能量、水或养分交换;和/或一个地区的状况（土壤发育和肥力、扰动频率和强度）的变化。Kaneshiro（Chap.（3）卷）描述了遗传和种群水平多样性的性质和意义;在本章中，我们关注的是种群水平生物多样性对生态系统功能的影响。
Most of the effort that has gone into relating biological diversity and ecosystem function-in this volume and elsewhere-has focused on biological diversity at the species level. That is where most information is available, and that is where the modern epidemic of species invasions and extinctions on islands has altered diversity most spectacularly.Biological diversity at higher and lower levels of biological organization also can affect the functioning of ecosystems, which we define (rather narrowly) as: the fluxes of energy, water, and elements in an area; exchanges of energy, or water or nutrients between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere or aquatic systems; and/or changes in state (soil development and fertility, disturbance frequency and intensity) of an area. Kaneshiro (Chap. 3, this Vol.) describes the nature and significance of genetic-and population-level diversity; in this chapter, we are concerned with the effects of landscape-level biological diversity on ecosystem function.