NATURAL-RESOURCES OF MIOMBO WOODLAND AND RECENT CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL AND LAND-USE PRACTICES
NATURAL-RESOURCES OF MIOMBO WOODLAND AND RECENT CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL AND LAND-USE PRACTICES
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DOI：
10.1016/0378-1127(82)90006-8
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
LAWTON, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LAWTON, RM
非洲中部赤道以南的一大片地区就是明博林地。对我国可再生的木材、木杆、木材燃料、蜂蜡和蜂蜜、蘑菇、毛虫、野果、畜牧等可再生自然资源进行了初步评价。简要介绍了该地区的显著生态特征，包括火在决定树木种群动态中的作用及其时机，以及采采蝇和野生动物种群在该地区人类侵占历史中所起的作用。在赞比亚北部实行的传统农业制度下，林地是农业休闲地，这是一种被称为基蒂米烯的轮作形式。由于人口增长、社会态度的变化和经济方面的考虑，已不能再实行甲基二茂铁烯系统。正在发生的变化的一个重要方面是玉米取代了相对富含蛋白质的谷子，造成了较差的饮食，导致需要采取措施定期恢复土壤肥力。讨论的其中一项措施是引入可食用的豆类休耕作物以保持生产力。随着农业制度的变化，米姆博林地的面积不可避免地减少，其自然资源正变得更加稀缺。在当地出现短缺之前，它们在经济中的重要性不会被人们认识到。考虑了在高降雨量地区(1000 mm+)生长良好的外来松树和桉树人工林的价值及其经济前景。
Miombo woodland covers a large area of central Africa south of the equator. The renewable natural resources of miombo, i.e., timber, poles, wood fuel, beeswax and honey, mushrooms, edible caterpillars, wild fruits and livestock browse are discussed and roughly evaluated. A brief account is given of the salient ecological features of miombo, including the role of fire and its timing in determining the tree population dynamics, and the parts played by tsetse fly and wildlife populations in the history of human occupation in the region. Under the traditional system of agriculture practiced in northern Zambia, a form of shifting cultivation known as chitimene, the woodland is the agricultural fallow. Owing to population growth, changes in social attitudes and economic considerations, the chitimene system can no longer be practiced. An important aspect of the changes taking place is the replacement of finger millet, a grain relatively rich in protein, by maize, giving a poorer diet and resulting in the need for measures to restore soil fertility periodically. One such measure discussed is the introduction of an edible leguminous fallow crop to maintain productivity. With the inevitable reduction in the area of the miombo woodlands which accompanies the changes in the agricultural system, their natural resources are becoming scarcer. Their importance in the economy is not appreciated by the people until there is a local shortage. The value of exotic pine and eucalyptus plantations, which grow well in the high rainfall areas (1000 mm+), and their economic future are considered.