The Difference States Make: Democracy, Identity, and the American City
The Difference States Make: Democracy, Identity, and the American City
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国家带来的差异：民主、身份和美国城市
DOI：
10.1017/s0003055403000844
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
C. Hayward
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Hayward
大多数解决民主和差异问题的当代理论都是以广泛的建构主义主张为框架的。然而，当谈到民主国家对差异性社会关系的干预时，政治理论家往往强调反应性策略，而忽视了民主国家在帮助塑造和强化差异性社会定义方面所发挥的作用。作者探讨了美国城市中种族差异的建构，认为容忍、承认和审议现有差异的论点没有充分关注国家在创造差异中所扮演的角色。以民主方式处理差异的制度努力应该针对差异产生的点，其目的不仅仅是改变身份和差异的社会定义的影响，而是使定义和重新定义这些定义的过程民主化。
Most contemporary theorizing that addresses questions of democracy and difference is framed by broadly constructivist claims. Yet when it comes to thinking about democratic state intervention into social relations of difference, political theorists tend to stress reactive strategies, overlooking the role that democratic states play in helping shape and reinforce social definitions of difference. Exploring the case of the construction of racialized difference in the American city, the author makes the case that arguments for tolerating, for recognizing, and for deliberating across extant differences are insufficiently attentive to the role states play in making difference. Institutional efforts to deal with difference democratically should target the points at which it gets produced, aiming not simply to modify the effects of social definitions of identity and difference—but to democratize the processes through which these are defined and redefined.